Ch.6 Mrs.Eastham
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| Contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force
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| Excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus.
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| Extensibility | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched.
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| Elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched.
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| Epimysium | Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the epimysium
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| fascia | connective tissue located outside the epimysium. It surrounds and separates muscles.
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| Perimysium | muscle fiber bundles are surrounded by loose connective
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| fibers | Single muscle cells
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| Endomysium | Each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the endomysium
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| Myofibrous | Fills cytoplasm of each fiber with this thread like structure from one end of the fiber to the other
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| resting membrane potential | charge difference across the membrane
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| Sacromeres | Structural and functional unity of muscles
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| Resting membrane potential | The charge difference across the membrane
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| Action potentials | The brief reversal back of the charge
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| Motor neurons | Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers
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| Neuromuscular junction | Formed by branches on axons in the muscle
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| Motor unit | A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers in innervates
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| Presynaptic terminal | Enlarged terminal
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| Muscle twitch | Contraction on an entire muscle in response to a stimulus
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| Threshold | Stimulus level that will make a muscle contract
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| Lag phase | Time between application of stimulus to motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction
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| Relaxation phase | The time the muscle relaxes
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| Tetany | When muscles remain contracted without relaxing
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| Recruitment | Increase of motor units being active
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| ATP | Needed for energy for muscle contraction. Produced in mitochondria. Short lived and unstable
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| ADP | ATP is degenerated in to ADP more stable plus phosphate
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| Anaerobic respiration | Without oxygen
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| Aerobic reperation | With oxygen, more efficient
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| Oxygen debt | The amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose
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| Muscle fatigue | When ATP is used during contractions faster then it can be preoduced
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| Isometric | The length of the muscle doesn’t change but the ten soon increases
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| Isotonic | The amount of tension is constant but the length of the muscle changes
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| Muscle tone | Constant tension produced by muscles of the body after long periods of time
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| Fast twitch fibers | Contact quickly and fatigue quickly Ex. White meat
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| Slow twitch fibers | Contact more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue. Ex. Dark meat
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| Origin | Head of the muscle. Most stationary
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| Insertion | End of the muscle undergoing the most movement
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| Belly | Portion of muscle between origin and insertion
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| Synergists | Muscles that work together
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| Antagonist | Muscle that work against each other
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| Prime mover | The muscle that plays the major role in synergistic movements
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| Occipitofrontalis | Raises the eyebrows
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| Orbicularis oculi | Closes the eyes and causes wrinkles
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| Obricularis oris | Puckers the lips
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| Buccinator | Flattens the cheeks
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| Zygomticus | Smiling muscles
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| Levator labii superiors | Sneering
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| Depressor anguli oris | Frowning
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| Mastication | Chewing. Includes- 2 pairs of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter
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| Intrinsic tongue muscle | Change shape of tongue
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| Extrinsic tongue muscle | Move the tongue
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| Sternocleidomastoid | Neck muscle. Rotated and abducts head
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| Erector spinae | Muscles on the back keep the body erect
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| Thoracic muscles | Muscles in the thorax
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| External intercostal | Elevate the ribs during inspiration
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| Internal instercostals | Contract during forced experration
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| Diaphragm | Accomplished quiet breathing
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| Linea Alba | Vertical line from sternum to naval to pubis
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| Rectus abdomominis | On either side linea abla crosses by tendinous inscriptions
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| Trapezius | Rotates scapula
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| Serratus anterior | Pulls scapula anteriorly
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| Pectoralis major | Connects arm to thorax. Adducts and flexes the arm
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| Latissimus dorsi | Attaches humorous to the scapula and clavicle
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| Triceps brachii | Extends forearm
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| Biceps brachii | Flexes forearm
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| Brachialis | Flexes forearm
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| Brachioradialis | Strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and Extensor
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| Flexor carpi | Flexes wrist
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| Extensor carpi | Extends the wrist
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| Flexor digitorum | Flexes the fingers
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| Extensor digitorum | Extends the fingers
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| Glutenous maximus | Buttocks
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| Gluteus medius | Hip muscle
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| Quadriceps femoris | Extends the leg
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| Sartourius | Flexes the thigh
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| Hamstring | Flexes the leg and extends the thigh
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| Gastrocnemius and soleus | Form calf muscles and join to calcneal tendon
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| Peroneus | Turn the door outward
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| Frontalis | Forehead
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| Trapezius | Below neck
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| Deltoid | Shoulders
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| Pictorials major | Chest
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