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Ch.6 Mrs.Eastham
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| Excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. |
| Extensibility | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. |
| Elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. |
| Epimysium | Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the epimysium |
| fascia | connective tissue located outside the epimysium. It surrounds and separates muscles. |
| Perimysium | muscle fiber bundles are surrounded by loose connective |
| fibers | Single muscle cells |
| Endomysium | Each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the endomysium |
| Myofibrous | Fills cytoplasm of each fiber with this thread like structure from one end of the fiber to the other |
| resting membrane potential | charge difference across the membrane |
| Sacromeres | Structural and functional unity of muscles |
| Resting membrane potential | The charge difference across the membrane |
| Action potentials | The brief reversal back of the charge |
| Motor neurons | Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| Neuromuscular junction | Formed by branches on axons in the muscle |
| Motor unit | A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers in innervates |
| Presynaptic terminal | Enlarged terminal |
| Muscle twitch | Contraction on an entire muscle in response to a stimulus |
| Threshold | Stimulus level that will make a muscle contract |
| Lag phase | Time between application of stimulus to motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
| Relaxation phase | The time the muscle relaxes |
| Tetany | When muscles remain contracted without relaxing |
| Recruitment | Increase of motor units being active |
| ATP | Needed for energy for muscle contraction. Produced in mitochondria. Short lived and unstable |
| ADP | ATP is degenerated in to ADP more stable plus phosphate |
| Anaerobic respiration | Without oxygen |
| Aerobic reperation | With oxygen, more efficient |
| Oxygen debt | The amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose |
| Muscle fatigue | When ATP is used during contractions faster then it can be preoduced |
| Isometric | The length of the muscle doesn’t change but the ten soon increases |
| Isotonic | The amount of tension is constant but the length of the muscle changes |
| Muscle tone | Constant tension produced by muscles of the body after long periods of time |
| Fast twitch fibers | Contact quickly and fatigue quickly Ex. White meat |
| Slow twitch fibers | Contact more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue. Ex. Dark meat |
| Origin | Head of the muscle. Most stationary |
| Insertion | End of the muscle undergoing the most movement |
| Belly | Portion of muscle between origin and insertion |
| Synergists | Muscles that work together |
| Antagonist | Muscle that work against each other |
| Prime mover | The muscle that plays the major role in synergistic movements |
| Occipitofrontalis | Raises the eyebrows |
| Orbicularis oculi | Closes the eyes and causes wrinkles |
| Obricularis oris | Puckers the lips |
| Buccinator | Flattens the cheeks |
| Zygomticus | Smiling muscles |
| Levator labii superiors | Sneering |
| Depressor anguli oris | Frowning |
| Mastication | Chewing. Includes- 2 pairs of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| Intrinsic tongue muscle | Change shape of tongue |
| Extrinsic tongue muscle | Move the tongue |
| Sternocleidomastoid | Neck muscle. Rotated and abducts head |
| Erector spinae | Muscles on the back keep the body erect |
| Thoracic muscles | Muscles in the thorax |
| External intercostal | Elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| Internal instercostals | Contract during forced experration |
| Diaphragm | Accomplished quiet breathing |
| Linea Alba | Vertical line from sternum to naval to pubis |
| Rectus abdomominis | On either side linea abla crosses by tendinous inscriptions |
| Trapezius | Rotates scapula |
| Serratus anterior | Pulls scapula anteriorly |
| Pectoralis major | Connects arm to thorax. Adducts and flexes the arm |
| Latissimus dorsi | Attaches humorous to the scapula and clavicle |
| Triceps brachii | Extends forearm |
| Biceps brachii | Flexes forearm |
| Brachialis | Flexes forearm |
| Brachioradialis | Strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and Extensor |
| Flexor carpi | Flexes wrist |
| Extensor carpi | Extends the wrist |
| Flexor digitorum | Flexes the fingers |
| Extensor digitorum | Extends the fingers |
| Glutenous maximus | Buttocks |
| Gluteus medius | Hip muscle |
| Quadriceps femoris | Extends the leg |
| Sartourius | Flexes the thigh |
| Hamstring | Flexes the leg and extends the thigh |
| Gastrocnemius and soleus | Form calf muscles and join to calcneal tendon |
| Peroneus | Turn the door outward |
| Frontalis | Forehead |
| Trapezius | Below neck |
| Deltoid | Shoulders |
| Pictorials major | Chest |
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Bb8900
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