Chapter 6 Anatomy
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| contractility | ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force
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| excitability | capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to stimulus
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| extensibility | ability to be stretched
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| elasticity | ability to recoil to their original size after being stretched
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| origin | most stationary endo of the muscle
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| insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement
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| belly | portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion
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| synergist | muscles that work together for specific movements
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| antagonists | muscle that work in opposition to one another
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| prime mover | muscle plays the major role in accomplishing movement
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| epimysium | skeletal muscle surrounded by tissue sheath
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| fascia | connective tissue located outside of epimysiumper
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| perimysium | muscle is
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| muscle cells | muscle fibers
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| endomysium | connective tissue sheath
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| myofibrils | threadlike structure
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| actin myofilaments | strands of pearls twisted together
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| myosin myofilaments | bundles of minute golf balls
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| sarcomeres | actin and myosin myofilaments formed
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| resting membrane potential | charge difference across the membrane
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| action potential | brief reversal back of the charge
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| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials
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| neuromuscular junction or synapse | branch connects to muscles to form
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| motor unit | single motor neuron and skeletal muscle fibers
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| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal
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| synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell
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| postsynaptic terminal | muscle fiber of synaptic cleft
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| synaptic vesicles | presynaptic terminal
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| acetylcholine | neurotransmitter
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| acetylcholinesterase | synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell
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| sliding filament mechanism | myofilaments during contraction
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| muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle response to a stimuli
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| threshold | a level stimuli reaches
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| all-or-none | muscle fiber contract maximally
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| lag phase | beginning of contraction
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| contraction phase | time of contraction
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| relaxation phase | time during which muscle relaxes
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| tetany | muscle remains contracted without relaxing
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| recruitment | increase in number of motor units being activated
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| ATP | needed for energy for muscle contraction
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| ATP | produced in the mitochondria
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| ATP | short lived and unstable
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| ADP | plus phosphate
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| creatine phosphate | high energy molecule
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| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen
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| aerobic respiration | with oxygen
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| oxygen debt | amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid
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| muscle fatigue | when ATP is used during contraction
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| isometric | equal distance
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| isotonic | equal tension
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| muscle tone | muscle tone refers to constant tension
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| fast twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue
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| slow twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue
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| origin | stationary end of the muscle
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| insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement
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| belly | portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion
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| synerigsts | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movement
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| antagonist | muscle that works in opposition to one another
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| sliding filament mechanism | myofilaments during contraction
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| muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle response to a stimuli
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| threshold | a level stimuli reaches
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| all-or-none | muscle fiber contract maximally
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| lag phase | beginning of contraction
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| contraction phase | time of contraction
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| relaxation phase | time during which muscle relaxes
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| tetany | muscle remains contracted without relaxing
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| recruitment | increase in number of motor units being activated
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| muscles that work opposite of eachother | antagonists
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| anaerobic respiration | produces lactic acid within the muscle
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| a muscle fiber is surrounded by the | endomysium
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| a muscle is composed of numerous bundles called | fasculi
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| slow twitch | muscle fibers fatigue quickly
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| fast twitch | muscle fibers fatigue quickly
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| tongue muscles | intrinsic and extrensic
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| orbicular oculi | closes eyelid
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| not a characteristic of skeletal muscle | reversibility
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| muscle twitch | a contraction of an entire muscle in response to stimuli
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