Muscle terms
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| The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. | Contractility
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| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. | Excitability
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| The ability to be stretched. | Extensibility
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| Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. | Elasticity
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| Skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called? | Epimysium
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| Another connective tissue located outside the epimysium. It surrounds and separates muscles. | Fascia
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| Fasciculi are surrounded by loose connective tissue called? | Perimysium
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| Single muscle cells. | Fibers
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| Fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called? | Endomysium
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| A threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other. | Myofibrils
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| Thin myofibrils. | Actin myofilaments
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| Thick myofibrils. | Myosin myofilaments
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| Actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called? | Sarcomeres
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| The charge difference across the membrane is called? | Resting membrane potential
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| The brief reversal back of the charge is called? | Action potential
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| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers. | Motor neurons
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| Branch that connects to the muscle near the center of a cell. | Neuromuscular junction/synapse
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| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called? | Motor unit
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| The enlarged nerve terminal. | Presynaptic terminal
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| The space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell. | Synaptic cleft
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| The space between the presynaptic terminal and muscle fibers. | Postsynaptic terminal
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| Each presynaptic terminal contains? | Synaptic vesicles
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| Neurotransmitters secreted by synaptic vesicles. | Acetylcholine
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| The acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by an enzyme is called? | Acetylcholinesterase
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| The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called? | Sliding filament mechanism
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| A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. | Muscle twitch
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| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called? | Threshold
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| The point the muscle fiber will contract maximally. This phenomenon is called? | All-or-none response
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| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction. | Lag phase
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| The time of contraction. | Contraction phase
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| The time during which the muscle relaxes. | Relaxation phase
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| Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing. | Tetany
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| The increase in number of motor units being activated is called? | Recruitment
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| Needed for energy for muscle contraction and produced in the mitochondria. | ATP
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| ATP degenerates to the more stable? | ADP
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| Another high-energy molecule. | Creatine phosphate
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| Without oxygen. | Anaerobic respiration
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| With oxygen | Aerobic respiration
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| The amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions | Oxygen debt
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| When ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells. | Muscle fatigue
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| Adenosine Triphosphate | ATP
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| Adenosine Diphosphate | ADP
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| The length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process. | Isometric
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| The amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes. | Isometric
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| Constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time. | Muscle tone
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| Contract quickly and fatigue quickly. | Fast-twitch fibers
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| Contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue. | Slow-twitch fibers
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| The most stationary end of the muscle. | Origin
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| The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement. | Insertion
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| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion. | Belly
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| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements. | Synergists
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| Muscles that work in opposition to one another. | Antagonists
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| If one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement. | Prime Mover
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| Raises the eyebrows. | Occipitorontalis
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| Closes the eyelids and causes “crows feet” wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye. | Orbicularis oculi
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| Puckers the lips. | Orbicularis oris
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| Flattens the cheeks. Trumpeter’s muscle. | Buccinator
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| Smiling muscles. | Zygomaticus
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| Sneering. | Levator labii superioris
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| Frowning. | Depressor anguli oris
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| Chewing. Has 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter. | Mastication.
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| Change the shape of the tongue. | Intrinsic tongue muscles
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| Move the tongue. | Extrinsic tongue muscles
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| Lateral neck muscle and prime mover. Rotates and abducts the head. | Sternocleidomastoid
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| Group of muscles on each side of the back. Responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect. | Erector spinae
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| Muscles that move the thorax. | Thoracic muscles
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| Elevate the ribs during inspiration. | External intercostals
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| Contract during forced expiration. | Internal intercostals
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| Accomplishes quiet breathing. Dome-shaped muscle. Aids in breathing. | Diaphram
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| Tendinous area of the abdominal wall that consists of white connective tissue rather than muscle. | Linea alba
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| On each side of the linea alba. | Rectus abdominis
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| Crosses the rectus abdominis at three or more locations, causing the abdominal wall of a well-muscled person to appear segmented. | Tendinous inscriptions
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| Rotates scapula. | Trapezius
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| Pulls scapula anteriorly. | Serratus anterior
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| The arm is attached to the thorax by which two muscles? | Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles
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| Adducts and flexes the arm. | Pectoralis major
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| Medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. | Latissimus dorsi
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| Attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb. | Deltoid
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| Extends the forearm. Occupies the posterior compartment of the arm. | Triceps brachii
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| Flexes the forearm. Occupies the anterior compartment of the arm. | Biceps brachii
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| Flexes forearm. | Brachialis
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| Flexes and supinates the forearm. | Brachioradialis
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| Strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons and holds them in place around the wrist. | Retinaculum (bracelet)
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| Flexes the wrist. | Flexor carpi
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| Extends the wrist. | Extensor carpi
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| Flexes the fingers. | Flexor digitorum
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| Extends the fingers. | Extensor digitorum
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| 19 hand muscles located within the hand. | Intrinsic hand muscles
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| Located between the metacarpals, are responsible for abduction and adduction of the fingers. | Interossi muscles
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| Buttocks. | Gluteus maximus
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| Extends the leg; anterior thigh muscles. | Quadriceps femoris
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| “Tailors muscle”; flexes the thigh. | Sartorius
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| Posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh. | Hamstring muscles
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| Form the calf muscle. They join to form the calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon). Flex the foot and toes. | Gastrocnemius and soleus
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| The lateral muscles of the leg that are primarily everters of the foot, but they also aid in plantar flexion. | Peroneus muscles
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| 20 muscles located within the foot that flex extend, abduct, and adduct the toes. | Intrinsic foot muscles
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| Most muscles have names that are descriptive. What is it called? | Nomenclature
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