Nervous System & Psychological Disorders review
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| the network of structures that coordinates, and control all functions of the body | nervous system
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| create sensations, produce thoughts and memory and make decisions based on sensory input | integrative functions
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| is composed of the brain and the spinal cord | central nervous system
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| composed of two types of cell: neurons and neuroglia | nervous system
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| carries impulses away from the cell body | axon
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| transmit impulses to the cell | dendrites
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| axons are surrounded by a white lipid covering called | myelin sheath
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| the region of communication between one neuron and another is called | synapse
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| a chemical that transmits a nervous impulse that either inhibits or enhances a reaction | neuro/transmitter
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| concerning both nerves and muscles | neuro/musclu/ar
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| the area of contacht between a neuron and adjoining skeletal muscle | neuromuscluar
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| an automatic, involuntary response to some change, either inside or outside the body is | reflex
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| brain and spinal cord are protected by three membranes called | meninges and circulating cerebrospinal fluid
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| pertaining to meninges | meningeal
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| below the dura mater | subdural
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| the largest and uppermost portion of te brain | cerebrum
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| pertaining to the cranium and cerebrum | craniocerebral
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| concerning the back part of the head | occipital lobe
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| associated with personality, behavior, emotion, and intellectual functions | frontal lobes
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| associated with hearing and smell | temporal lobes
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| associated with vision | occipital lobes
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| associated with langauge and the general function of sensation | parietal lobes
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| two nerves bound together by a common sheath of connective tissue is | sciatic nerve
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| within the spinal canal | intra/thecal
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| pertaining to the brain and the spinal cord | cerebro/spinal
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| pertaining to the cerebellum | cerebell/ar
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| portion of the nervous system that is outside the central nervous system | periphearl nervous system
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| systems that are divisions of the autonomic nervous system | sympathetic and parasympathetic
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| activation of the sympathetic division causes a series of physilogic reponses called | fthe fight-or-flight response
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| receptors that are stimulated by chemcial stimuli are | chemoreceptors
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| senstive to mechanical changes in touch or pressure are widely distributed in the skin | mechano/receptors
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| located immediately under teh skin and are widely distributed throughout the body | thermo/receptors
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| detect changes in tempearture | thermorecptors
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| pertaining to the eye | ophthalm/ic and ocul/ar
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| contains recptors that enable us to hear | cochlea
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| enable us to manintain a snese of balance | semicircular
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| pertains to hearing | audi/ble
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| is the science of hearing | audio/logy
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| a person skilled in audiologty | audiologist
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| sense of smell | olffaction
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| petaining to the sense of smell | olfactory
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| loss or impairment of the sense of smell, | anosmia
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| an abnormally increase sensitivity to odors | hyerosmia
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| two types of reflex that are easily tested are deep tendon reflex and | superficial reflex
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| the introduction of a hollow needle into the subarchnoid space of the lumbar part of the spinal canal | lumber puncture
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| the process of recording the electrical activity of the brain | electro/encephalo/graphy
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| uses ultrasonic waves beamed through the head to record structural aspects of the brain | echo/encephalo/graphy
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| radiography of the spinal cord | myelography
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| used to visulize the blood vessels of the brain after injection of a radiopaque contrast medium | ceebral angio/graphy
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| used to assess aneurysms, as well as to loceate absecesses, tumors or hematomas | brain scans
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| radiography of the lacrimal sac | dacryo/cysto/graphy
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| an instrument for measuring the eye | ophthalmo/meter
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| is an impairment of the ability to read and results from a variety of pathologic conditions, some of which | dyslexia
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| a word that refers to sensivity to pain and is also used a as suffix | algesia
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| increased sensivitiy to pain | hyepr/algesia
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| an imaginary or false sensastion | paraesthesia
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| a type of neuralgia that affects many nerves stimultaneously | poly/neur/algia
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| a condition in which many periphearl nerves are affected | poly/neuro/pathy
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| inflammtion of many nervous | poly/neur/itis
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| hardening of nervous system | neuro/scler/osis
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| inflammation of the sciatic nerve | sciatica
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| is a synonym for headache | cephal/algia
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| result from the long-substained contraction of skeletal muscles around the scalp, face, neck and upper back | tension headaches
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| characterized by intense unlaterial pain | cluster headaches
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| occuring on one side only | uni/lateral
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| is a vascular disorder characterized by recurrent throbbing headaches | migraine headaches
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| sensitivity of the eyes to light | photophobia
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| absence of speech | dys/phasia
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| difficult, poorly articulated speech, usually caused by damage to a central of periphearl motor nerve is | dys/arthria
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| any disease involving the spinal cord and brain | encephalo/myelo/pathy
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| accumulatin of blood between the dura mater and the archnoid is | subdural hematoma
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| an abnormal localixed dilation of a cerebral artery | cerebral aneursym
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| caused by the rupture of a cerebral artery | hemorrhagic strokes
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| caused by a cerbral embolus | embolic stroke
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| caused by plaque deposits that build up on thinterior of a cerbral artery | thrombotic strokes
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| the loss of muscle function, loss of sensation, or both and a sign of an underlying problem | paralysis
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| paralysis of both sides of the body | di/plegia
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| paralysis of all four extremities | quadri/plegia
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| an abnormal protrusion near the spine | meningocele or menino/myelo/cele
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| a motor function disorder caused by a permanaent, nonprogressive brain defect present at birth or occurring shortly thereafter | cerebral palsy
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| is a herediatary disorder that affects both genders equally | huntington's disease
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| absence of the ear | anotia
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| is inflammation of the brain and spinal cord | encephalo/myel/itis
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| inflammtions of the brain tissue | encephal/itis
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| inflammtion of the brain and its covering | encephalo/meningitis
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| inflammtion of the cerebellum | cerebellitis
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| inflammtion of a ventricle | ventricul/itis
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| caused by a bacterium and is easily preventable through immunization | tetanus
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| caused by a type of bacteria that is toxic to nervous tissuse and causes paralysis of both voluntary and involuntary motor activity | botulism
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| is an acute viral disease that attachs the gray matter of the spinal cord and parts of the brain | poliomyelitis
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| abnormal fear of water | hydro/phobia
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| primary tumor of the bain and is composed of | neuroglia
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| tumor of the meninges that graow slowly and may invade the skull | meningi/oma
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| disorders such as brain tumors that infers with flow of csf cause fluid accumulation in the skull | hydrocephalus
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| is a benign tumor composed chiefly of neurons and nerve fibers | neur/oma
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| abnoraml, sudden, excessive discharge of electrical activity within the brain | seizure
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| stimulant drus are often prescribed to prevent the sudden attacks of sleep at inappropriate times | narcolepsy
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| slow movement or slowness of all voulunatry movement of speech | brady/kinesia
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| a progressive degenerative disease that affects teh myelin sheath and conduction pathways of the central nervous system | multiple sclerosis
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| a chronic neuromuscular disease charcterized by great muscular weakness and fatigue | my/asthenia graivs
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| progressive mental disorder of the brain charchterized by confusion, disorentation, deterioration of memory and intellectula abilities, and personality disintergration | dementia
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| abnormal condition in which one or both upper eyelids droop | blephar/optosis
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| inflammtion of the eyelid | blephar/itis
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| inflammation of the cornea | keratitis
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| abnormal softening of the eyeball | ophthalmo/malacia
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| paralysis fo the eye | ophthalmo/plegia
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| hemorrhage from the eye | ophthalmo/rrhgia
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| pain in the eye | ophthalm/algia
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| abnormal prgressive condition of the lens of the eye, charcterized by loss of transparency | cataract
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| abnormal conditon of increased pressure witin the eye | glaucoma
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| any disease of the retina | retino/pathy
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| is a lacrimal calculus or a tera stone | dacryo/lith
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| is the presence of lacrimal calculi | dacryo/lith/iasis
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| inflammtion of the lacrimal sac | dacryo/sinus/itis
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| a tear stone in the nasal duct | rhino/dacryo/lith
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| means double vision | dipl/opia
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| hperopia and impairment of vision due to advancing years or to old age | presby/opia
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| inflammtion of the ear | otitis
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| discharge of the ear | otorrhea
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| hardening of the ear | oto/sclerosis
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| ringing in the ears | tinnitus
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| a disorder charcterized by subaverage general intelligence with deficits or impairments in the ability to learn and to adapt socially | mental retardation
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| characterized by withdrawal and impaired development in social inteaction and communication | autism
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| characterized by anticipation of impending danger and dread, the source of which is largely unknown or unrecognized | anxiety disorders
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| obessive, irrational, and intense fears of an object, activity, or physical situation | phobia
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| means an irrational fear of heights | acrophobia
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| a morbid fear of closed places | clausetro/phobia
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| characterized by an acute emotional response after a traumatic event or situation involving severe environmental stress | posttraumatic stress disorder
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| a major mental disorder charcterized by the occurrence of amnic episodes and major depressive episodes | biopolor disorder
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| excesssive preoccupation with fire | pyro/mania
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| obsessive preoccupation with fires | pyro/manaic
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| charcterized by an abnormal, uncontrollable, and recurrent urge to steal | kelpto/mania
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| nervous disorder charchterized by weakness and sometimes nervous exhaustion | neur/asthenia
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| a false or pretended mental disorder | pseudo/mania
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| hysterical paralysis | pseudo/plegia
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| any of a large group of psychotic disorders | schizo/phrenia
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| reliving pain or not sensitive to pain | an/algesic
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| used to reduce pain by temporarily or permantely blocking transmission of nerve impulses | nerve blocks
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| surgical prodcedure in which one of more sympathetic nerves are severed | sympathectomy
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| severing of various branches of the vagus nerve and is done to reduce the amount of acid secreted int he stomach | vago/tomy
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| surgical crushing of a nerve | neuro/tripsy
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| destruction of nerves | neuro/lysis
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| surgical repair of a nerve | neuroplasty
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| suture of a nerve | neuro/rrhaphy
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| incision of the brain | cerebrotomy
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| surgical opening into the skull | craniotomy
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| excision of an aneurysm | aneursym/ectomy
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| surgical repair of the skull | cranio/plasty
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| used to treat deep introacranial brain tumors with a focused beam of gamma radition without surgical incision | gamma knife sterotacix radiosurgery
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| are drugs often used as sedatives to produce a calming effect | hypnotics
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| the use of plastic surgery to restore or repair the eyelid | blepharo/plasty
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| surgical creation of a passageway between the lacrimal sac and the nose | dacryo/cysto/rhino/stomy
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| incision of the lacrimal sca | dacryo/cysto/tomy
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| a method of diagnosing and treating disorders of the mind | psycho/analysis
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| treatment of disorders of the mind by pschological means rather than by physcial means | psycho/therapy
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| the study of the action of druds on funtions of the mind | psycho/pharamacology
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