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AICP Certification Exam Fall 2018

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
First Amendment   show
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show No person shall be deprived of property without due process of law nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation - takings & eminent domain  
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show No state shall deprive any person of property without due process of law/equal protection - takings, eminent domain, exactions  
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show Patrick Geddes  
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Father of Zoning   show
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show Daniel Burnham  
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show Ian McHarg  
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show Lawrence Veiler  
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Father of Advocacy Planning   show
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show Leading reformer in New York State Tenement House Law - "Dumbbel Tenements"  
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Robert Moses   show
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Clarence Perry   show
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Paul Lawrence   show
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Lewis Mumford   show
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Paul Davidoff   show
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show community organizer, Rules for Radicals 1971, Back of the Yards neighborhood (1930s) boycotts, marches,  
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show 1969 - publishes A Ladder of Citizen Participation. Worked in public health and non-profit research. Theory on types and purposes of public participation. Uses many Model Cities programs as examples. 8 rungs ranging from tokenism to citizen control.  
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Jacob Riis   show
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show Camillo Sitte (1843–1903) was a noted Austrian architect, painter and city planning theoretician with great influence and authority of the development of urban construction planning and regulation in Europe. "City Planning according to artistic principles  
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Lincoln Steffens   show
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Robert Hunter   show
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Edward Basset   show
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Patrick Geddes   show
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Joseph Hudnut   show
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Jane Jacobs   show
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Frank Lloyd Wright   show
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show The GOod City 1963- A good city provides opportunity and community, but modern cities favor opportunity overwhelmingly. Institutional structures are the not very sexy answer to the problem.  
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show 1998. The Urban General Plan - seminal planning text -Changed planning from creating an ideal state to an activity stream that relates to problems, goals, program design, and evaluation.  
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show The Goals of Comprehensive Planning - a 1965 blistering critique of comp planning. Not feasible, not politically viable, no professional legitimacy.  
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show 1959 - "The Science of Muddling Through", incremental planning, He suggested that planning has to be piecemeal, incremental, opportunistic, and pragmatic.  
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Ian McHarg   show
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Mary Brooks   show
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show Central Place Theory 1933. Saw cities as systems of human settlements with size, location, and services determined by position in a hierarchy of places. Nested hexagons used to model placements.  
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Ernest Burgess   show
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Homer Hoyt   show
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show radiant city (skyscrapers for high density living and working, surrounded by commonly owned park space), superblocks, separated uses  
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show Real estate developer, civic activist, philanthropist. Harundale Mall in Glen Burnie MD in 1958 is first enclosed shopping center east of the Mississippi and first built by a devleoper. creator/developer of Columbia, MD  
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Andres Duany   show
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Joel Garreau   show
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show Coined term "boomburgs" for new form of mostly metropolitan mostly Sunbelt city growth. Well-known advocate for Mountain West region.  
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Frederick Law Olmstead Sr.   show
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Frederick Law Olmstead Jr.   show
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show Filed amicus brief in Euclid case widely credited with turning SCOTUS's opinion. With Ladislaus Segoe, produced 1925 Cincinnati Plan. Helped draft Standard State Zoning Enabling Act and Standard City Planning Enabling Act in 1920s  
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1887 – Mugler v Kansas   show
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1909 – Welch v Swasey   show
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show A ZO establishing building setback lines was held unconstitutional and not a valid use of the PP; violates the due process of law and is therefore unconstitutional under the 14th Amendmen  
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show SC upheld Los Angeles case prohibiting establishment of a brick kiln within a recently-annexed 3-mile area  
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show SC indicated for the first time that a regulation of land use might be a taking if it goes too far.  
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1926 – Village of Euclid v Ambler Realty Co   show
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show Court found for Nectow and against a provision in Cambridge’s ZO based on the due process clause. However, it did NOT overturn Euclid. This was the last zoning challenge to come before the SC until Berman v. Parker  
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show Established aesthetics and redevelopment as valid public purposes for exercising eminent domain. Wash.DC took private property and resold to a developer to achieve objectives of an established redevelopment plan.  
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show Ruling that discrimination in selling houses was not permitted based on the 13th Amendment and Section 1982 abolishing slavery and creating equality for all US citizens.  
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1968 – Cheney v Village 2 at New Hope   show
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show NY State Court of Appeals case that upheld a growth control plan based on the availability of public services. Case further emphasized the importance of the Comp Plan and set the scene for nationwide growth management plans **performance standards  
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1971 – Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v Volpe   show
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1971 – Calvert Cliffs’ Coordinating Committee v Atomic Energy Commission   show
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show Opened up environmental citizen suits to discipline the resource agencies.  
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1972 - Just v Marinette County   show
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show zoning to be consistent w/ comp plans, and rezonings may be judicial rather than legislative. Central issue was spot zoning, 2 measures to be deemed valid: there must be a public need for the change in question; best available option  
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1974 – Village of Belle Terre v Boraas   show
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1975 – South Burlington County NAACP v Township of Mount Laurel I   show
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1975 –Construction Industry of Sonoma County v. Petalum   show
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1976 – Young v. American Mini Theaters   show
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1976 – Hills v Dorothy Gautreaux   show
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show Growth policy that timed phasing of future residential growth until performance standards are met; upheld the use of a moratorium.  
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1977 – Village of Arlington Heights v Metropolitan Housing Development:   show
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show Restrictions on the development of Grand Central Station did NOT amount to a taking, since Penn Central could use TDR and secure a reasonable return on the property. Validated historic preservation controls.  
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show Court forced full implementation and enforcement of the Endangered Species Act. Halted the Tellico Dam, which was almost completely built, because the endangered Snail Darter — a fish — was found.  
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1980 – Agins v. City of Tiburon   show
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show : 1st Amendment case which overruled the NY State Public Service Commission’s total ban on an electric utility’s advertisements to increase electric usage.  
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show Ordinance that substantially restricted onsite and off-site billboards was ruled unconstitutional under 1st amendment.  
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show Court held that any physical occupation is a taking, no matter how de minimus (landlords had been required under state law to allow cable company to install permanent cable TV facilities on their property).  
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1983 – South Burlington County NAACP v Township of Mount Laurel II   show
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show 1st amendment case which allowed the City Council to exert control over posting of election signs on public telephone poles.  
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show SC decision which ruled that the City had illegally denied group homes special use permits based on neighbor’s unfounded fears  
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1985 – Williamson County Regional Planning Commission v Hamilton Bank   show
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1986 – City of Renton v Playtime Theaters:   show
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show Allowed damages (as opposed to invalidation) as a remedy for regulatory taking. Just compensation clause of the 5th Amendment requires compensation for temporary takings which occur as a result of regulations that are ultimately invalidated.  
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1987 – Nollan v California Coastal Commission   show
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1992 – Lucas v South Carolina Coastal Council   show
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1994 – Dolan v City of Tigard   show
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show SC ruled that the display of a sign by a homeowner was protected by the 1st amendment under freedom of speech.  
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show Applied the Endangered Species Act to land development; Sec of Interior’s definition of harm is valid.  
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show Sanctioned the use of moratoria & reaffirmed the “parcel-as-a-whole” rule for takings review. Moratoria on development not a per se taking under the 5th amendment, but should be analyzed under the multi-factor Penn Central test.  
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2005 – Lingle v. Chevron:   show
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show the City taking private property by eminent domain and transferring it to a private entity for redevelopment Court held that the general benefits a community enjoyed from economic growth qualified such redevelopment plans as a permissible “public use”  
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2005 – City of Rancho Palos Verde v Abrams   show
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show EPA must provide a reasonable justification for why they would not regulate greenhouse gases.  
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2006 - Rapanos v. United States   show
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show Hydroelectric dams are subject to Section 401 of the Clean Water Act.  
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show Ebenezer Howard - The Garden City is self-contained with a population of 32,000 and a land area of 6,000 acres. The city itself would house 30,000 people on 1,000 acres, with remaining land & pop in farming areas. Land ownership =held by a corporation.  
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show late 1800s and early 1900s US Cities had severe poverty, crime, and blight - movement to address these issues through the expression of moral and civic virtue, leaders believed that creating a beautiful city would inspire residents to lead virtuous lives.  
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City Efficient Movement   show
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City Humane Movement   show
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show 1935, developed three cities based on Howard's ideas: Greendale, Wisconsin; Greenhills, Ohio; and Greenbelt, Maryland  
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show 1940s, Emphasis on functionalism and administrative efficiency  
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Synoptic Rationality Planning   show
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Incremental Planning   show
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Transactive Planning   show
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show 1960s, Paul Davidoff, The advocacy planner should be responsible for a particular interest group in the community and create plans that express that group's values and objectives.  
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show 1987, Friedmann, nvolves taking power away from the government and giving it to the people. In this process, citizens get together and develop their own plans.  
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Rational Planning   show
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Radiant City   show
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Concentric Ring Theory   show
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Broad Acre City   show
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Central Place Theory   show
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Sector Theory   show
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Multiple Nuclei Theory   show
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Bid Rent Theory   show
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show 1964, Vance, some of the functions int he CBD can be moved to the suburbs therefore diminishes the importance of the CBD. Each realm is independent from another like little cities but they connect with each other to create a huge urban city  
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show 1982, Andres Duany, Seaside Florida  
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show 1991, Joel Garreau, edge city is a distinct place that has at least 5 mil sq ft of office, 600,000 sq ft of retail and more jobs than bedrooms  
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show 1990s, Seeks to solve problems created by low density residential development such as threatened farmland and open space, increased public service costs, disinvestment in central cities, congestion, and environmental degradation  
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show Provided for the rectangular land survey and settlement of the Old North West  
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Township   show
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show Formed in 1965 through the Housin  
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show grant program provides flexibility for communities to use federal funds for the improvement of blighted areas, created Section 8 housing voucher program  
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show It established the Federal Housing Administration with the purpose of insuring home mortgages.  
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Housing Act of 1937   show
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Housing Act of 1949   show
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show called for slum prevention and urban renewal. Additionally, the Act provided funding for planning for cities under 25,000 population. The 701 funds were later expanded to allow for statewide, interstate, and regional planning. largest impetus for comp pln  
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show the first federal law prohibiting discrimination between sex, race, national origin, religion and familial status.  
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show Required coordination between states and metropolitan areas for air quality standards. Created the Transportation Enhancements program for community wide impacts of transportation & earmarked funds for scenic byways and historic preservation, bike & pedes  
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show - consolidated the number of funding programs, reformed environmental review process to speed up project development, more projects categorically excluded from review, four-year review deadline enforced, funding for bike-ped reduced and consolidated into  
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show Created in 1970, purpose to enforce environmental laws like the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act  
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show requires an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIS) for federally funded actions that have the potential to significantly impact the environment. It acknowledged the importance of an open and public decision-making process.  
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show Implemented to protect public health and welfare by limiting air pollution emissions and exposure to ambient air pollutants. It created National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and required non-attainment areas to develop strategies to achieve compl  
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show regulated water quality of lakes and rivers by using a permit process. It set wastewater standards for industry and water quality standards for surface water contamination. It introduced a permit system for regulating point sources of pollution.  
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RLUIPA   show
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Dillon's Rule   show
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show Local governments have all functions not prohibited/preempted by State or Federal law, cities have the right to develop their own regulations, except where the state has specifically stated otherwise.  
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Erie Canal   show
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show Union Pacific and Central Pacific joined at Promontory Point Utah  
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show Boston 1897  
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show City Beautiful Movement  
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1st historic preservation commission   show
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show Columbus OH 1923  
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1st historic preservation ordinance   show
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1st urban growth boundary   show
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show Hawaii 1961  
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AICP and ASPO   show
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Largest concrete structure in the US   show
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show Zone Improvement Plan Code  
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1 acre   show
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5280 feet   show
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2.47 acres   show
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show 1 square mile  
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USGS map scale   show
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show Used to develop a consensus between two or more groups that are in conflict; the views of each group are presented in successive rounds of argument and counterargument, with the rounds gradually working towards a consensu  
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3 C's of Public Engagement   show
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show Part of Johnson's War on Poverty/Great Society, Head Start program remains  
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show Non participation + Tokensim + Citizen Power Manipulation, Therapy, Informing, Consultation, Placation, Partnership, Delegated Power, Citizen Control  
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Tennessee Valley Authority   show
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Hoover Dam   show
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Chesapeake Bay Agreement - 1983   show
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Port Authority of NY and NJ - 1921   show
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Appalachian Regional Commission - 1963   show
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show Hawaii, Maryland, Florida, and Tennessee  
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Coastal Zone Management Act 1972   show
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show 1962 Federal Highway Act required their formation, Bureau of Public Roads (FHA) required the creation of planning agencies that would be responsible for carrying out the required transportation planning processes  
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1996 Symposium on Neighborhood Collaborative Planning   show
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ETJ - Extraterritorial Jurisdiction   show
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FEMA   show
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Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000   show
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show prevent, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate the effects of incidents, regardless of cause, size, location, or complexity, in order to reduce the loss of life and property and harm to the environment.  
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Incident Command System - ICS   show
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show establishes a single, comprehensive approach to domestic incident management. The NRF is used to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies  
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National Response Plan - NRP   show
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Location Quoitent   show
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show divide regional industries into two groups:  Basic or export sectors  Non-basic or local sectors  
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Shift Share Analysis   show
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National growth share   show
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Industry mix   show
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Regional shift   show
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1929 Regional Plan for New York City and Its Environs   show
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National Historic Preservation Act 1966   show
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show the official list of our country's historic buildings, districts, sites, structures, and objects worthy of preservation, Run by National Park Service/DOI  
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show Iniate the process, determine undertaking, identify historic properties and National Register eligibility, assess adverse effects, resolve adverse effects  
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Tax Reform Act of 1986   show
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show 1. Principles to Which we Aspire 2. Code of Conduct 3. Advisory Rulings 4. Adjucation of Complaints of Misconduct 5. Discipline of Members  
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AICP COEPC Rules of Conduct   show
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4 Potential Disciplinary Actions for Ethics complaint   show
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show Etzioni - recognizing the difference between policy-changing decisions and implementation decisions.Ex: a comprehensive plan would be created using the rational planning approach, while the implementation of the plan would use an incremental approach.  
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show adopted equity planning in Cleveland during the 1970s and helped make the needs of low-income groups the highest priority.  
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Equity Planning   show
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Communicative Planning (modern)   show
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Wacker's Manual of the Plan of Chicago - 1912   show
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show Flavel Shurtleff, 1st major textbook on city planning  
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ACIP - American City Planning Institute - 1917   show
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ASPO - American Society of Planning Officials   show
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show in 1971 by the AIP/1977  
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show 1960- book defines basic concepts within the city, nodes, edges, paths, etc.  
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Rachel Carson   show
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show first full-time municipally employed planner, St. Louis; developed many early comp plans, ran his own consulting firm  
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show authored Urbanism as a Way of Life (1938); argued for urbanism and claimed density of cities influences behaviors in city  
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show wrote the Geography of Nowhere, which provides a history of suburbia and urban development; leading proponent of new urbanism; recently wrote The Long Emergency, dealing with declining oil production and the end of industrialized societ  
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show promoted use of environmental psychology and sociology in urban design; wrote Social Life of Small Urban Spaces in 1980; coined the term “greenway” in his book the Last Landscape; pioneer on conservation easements  
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Henry Wright   show
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John Muir   show
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Gifford Pinchot   show
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Cost-benefit analysis   show
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Fiscal Impact Analysis   show
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show Budget process which assumes that the baseline budget each fiscal cycle is zero, decision packages created  
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WBS (management)   show
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show Schematic that shows the steps/taks of a project on a parrelle, horizontal model  
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PERT   show
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show Critical Path Method, fixed task times, analysis results in a "critical path” through the project tasks, longest pathway is the critical patphway  
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Average Per Capita Method (FIA)   show
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show It divides the total local budget by the existing population in a city to determine the average per capita cost for the jurisdiction. The result is multiplied by the expected new population associated with the new development - adjusted base don assumptio  
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Disaggregated Per Capita Method (FIA)   show
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show pplies statistical analysis to time-series data from a jurisdiction. This method determines, for example, how much sales tax revenue is generated per capita from a grocery store and applies this to the new development.  
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show Identify stakeholders Define goals Gather information and analysis Develop alternatives Select an alternative  
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Tribal Planning   show
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show USDOT supports process that allows federal agencies to consult with Tribes on transportation policy, regulation, and projects  
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Subdivision   show
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show is a map of a tract or parcel of land.  
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show allows for lots to be subdivided further or added back together.  
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show corrects errors or adds additional information to a plat.  
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show allows for a plat to be terminated prior to the selling of any lots.  
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Preliminary Plat   show
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show the approved preliminary plat with all bearing, monuments, curves, and notations, together with all dedications, easement, and approvals.  
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Performance Bonds   show
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Dedication   show
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Impact fee   show
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Subdivision bonuses   show
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show Identifies land use across 5 dimensions (Activity, Function, Structure Type, Site Development Character, Ownership), each category has 9 color values  
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show It places the most protective restrictions on residential land uses less on commercial uses, and virtually none on industrial uses. This concept places the most restrictive zoning category, single-family residential, at the top of the pyramid.  
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Cumulative Zoning   show
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show istricts are typically cumulative by type of land use. For example, a multi-family district would allow both single-family homes and multi-family housing. However, the industrial district would not allow residential uses.  
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show a property use that existed prior to the adoption of district regulations and is allowed to continue under the "grandfather clause."  
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Overlay Zone   show
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Variance (zoning)   show
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Big Box Retail   show
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show include the practice of raising farm animals indoors and in high volumes. Local governments may be limited in their ability to regulate concentrated animal feeding operations because of Right-to-Farm laws  
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Right to Farm Laws   show
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show s the ratio of a building's total floor area (gross) to the size of the piece of land upon which it is built. FAR is most frequently used in downtown areas to help control for light and air.  
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show an alternative to the conventional minimum parking standards that most communities have. Maximum parking standards cap the amount of parking that a property owner or business can provide  
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McMansion   show
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Teardown/Sscrape off   show
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Smart Growth   show
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show defined as balancing the fulfillment of human needs with the protection of the natural environment so that the present and future population's needs can be met. Sustainability includes environmental, social, and economic components  
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show irst coined in 1994 by John Elkington. His argument was that companies should be preparing three different bottom lines: one for corporate profit, one for people, and one for the planet.  
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show a biological concept indicating the maximum population size of a species that could be sustained in perpetuity within the environment, given the availability of food, water, habitat, etc - discuss the max population and employment that could be carried  
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Trip Generaetion   show
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show otorists within the cordon area can then be sampled and asked questions on where they are coming from (address or point of origin) and where they are going (destination) - can include socioeconomic characteristics  
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show allow for estimates of trip generation rates based on land use type, purpose, or socioeconomic characteristics  
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show 11 daily trip ends for every 1,000 square feet of general office space 9.6 daily trip ends per single family residential dwelling 6.6 daily trip ends per apartment unit 43 daily trip ends per 1,000 square feet of shopping center space 7 daily trip ends  
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show Refers to the origin or destination point of a journey  
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show xamines where people are going. A region or area is often divided into traffic zones. Trip distribution information generally provides information on how many trips are made between each zone and every other zone.  
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show an be used to provide trip estimates based on the proportional attractiveness of the zone (the "gravitational pull") and inversely proportional to the trip length.  
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show deals with how people get to where they want to go, and the form of transportation that they use. By having information on the number of people using cars, mass transit (bus, train, etc.), bicycles, or walking, planners are able to estimate how many vehic  
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AADT   show
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show Hourly traffic during the peak period  
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Seasonal Hour Volume   show
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show the capacity of the roadway to handle traffic  
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Traffic Assignment   show
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show Vehicle Miles Traveled - function of many factors, including topography, population density, travel distances between home and other daily destinations (such as work, shopping, and recreation), and the availability of mass transit  
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Three steps of the statistical process   show
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Nominal Data   show
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Ordinal Data   show
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show ata that has an ordered relationship where the difference between the scales has a meaningful interpretation. The typical example of interval data is temperature  
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show gold standard of measurement, where both absolute and relative differences have a meaning. The classic example of ratio data is a distance measure  
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show an take an infinite number of values, both positive and negative, and with as fine a degree of precision as desired. Most measurements in the physical sciences yield continuous variables.  
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Discrete variables   show
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show can only take on two values, typically coded as 0 and 1.  
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Population   show
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Sample   show
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show describe the characteristics of the distribution of values in a population or in a sample  
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Inferential Statistics   show
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Distribution   show
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Central tendency   show
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show How distribution values are spread around the central tendency  
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Symmetry   show
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Skewness   show
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Kurtosis   show
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Normal/Gaussian Distribution (Bell Curve)   show
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show a measure of how spread out a distribution is. It is computed as the average squared deviation of each number from its mean.  
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show square root of the variance.  
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Coefficient of Variation   show
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show the number of standard deviations from the mean a data point is. But more technically it's a measure of how many standard deviations below or above the population mean a raw score is  
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show is a measure of variability, based on dividing a data set into quartiles. Quartiles divide a rank-ordered data set into four equal parts.  
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hypothesis test   show
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Linear Method   show
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show uses the rate of growth (or decline), i.e., the percentage change in population over a period of time to estimate the current or future population - percent change extrapolated into the future. Modified = assumes at some point growth stops  
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Symptomatic Method   show
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Step-Down Ratio Method   show
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show uses the Census Bureau data for the number of housing units, which is then multiplied by the occupancy rate and persons per household.  
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show uses the current population plus natural increase (births less deaths) and net migration (in-migration less out-migration) to calculate a future population. The population is calculated for men and women in specific age groups.  
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Input-Output Analysis   show
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North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)   show
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show Discontinuation of the long form, To avoid undercounting, the Census Bureau enlisted thousands of groups such as churches, charities, and other organizations to promote the importance of participating in the count  
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show 17% of households received the long form, 83% of households received the short form. The 2000 Census short form was the "shortest" since 1820, or the first time allowed the respondents to select more than one race that they identify as  
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show an urban nucleus of 50,000 or more people, they must have a core with a population density of 1,000 persons per square mile and may contain adjoining territory with at least 500 persons per square mile  
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show have at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 persons and a population density of 1,000 persons per square mile  
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Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)   show
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Micropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)   show
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show the equivalent of an incorporated place for data purposes. This is for settled concentrations of population that are not incorporated.  
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show made up of several PMSA's. An example is the Dallas-Fort Worth Consolidated Metropolitan Area. Dallas and Fort Worth are each primary metropolitan statistical areas.  
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Core Based Statistical Area (CBSA)   show
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show Jean Gottman,areas with more than 10 million people.  
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show typically has a population between 2,000 and 8,000 people. It is the smallest area where all information is released. (ideal number is 4,000)  
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show mallest level at which the Census data is collected. There are typically 400 housing units per block.  
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show Group of census blocks  
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show a unit only used in 29 states and usually corresponds to a municipality.  
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Census County Division   show
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show a unit drawn by tribes that do not have a recognized land area. These are defined independently of the standard county-based census delineations.  
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show a term that is under a number of government programs to determine program eligibility  
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Fastest growing states   show
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American Community Survey (ACS)   show
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show People born in the United States between 1946 and 1964 are known as Baby Boomers  
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show hese people were born between 1965 and 1976, which was a period of low birth rates.  
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Generation Y (aka Echo Boom or Millenials)   show
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Generation Z   show
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TIGER   show
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show Digital aerial photography has allowed for increased accuracy to the 0.5-foot resolution  
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Digital Elevation Models (DEMs)   show
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Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)   show
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UrbanSim   show
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CommunityViz   show
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show developed by Peter Calthorpe and Associates, uses a library of place types, block types, and building types to support interactive scenario building.  
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design charrette   show
🗑
show a structured process of public participation with the intent of coming to a consensus decision, A panel of selected, informed citizens and stakeholders are asked to complete a series of questionnaires.  
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Nominal Group Technique   show
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Facilitation   show
🗑
show a method in which a neutral third party facilitates discussion in a structured multi-stage process to help parties reach a satisfactory agreement. The mediator assists the parties in identifying and articulating their interests and priorities  
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Coffee Klatch   show
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Visioning   show
🗑
show 1:24,000  
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Slope   show
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Four Sections of EIS   show
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show Probable impact, adverse environmental affects that can't be avoided, alternatives, relationship to local short term use and long term maintenance, any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources involved  
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Cost Benefit Analysis   show
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Cost-effectiveness analysis   show
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Net Present Value   show
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internal rate of return   show
🗑
show a project evaluation matrix that includes competing projects in rows and the evaluation criteria in columns. The evaluation criteria are based on the various stakeholder groups that may be impacted by the costs or that may receive benefits.  
🗑
Linear programming   show
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PERT Steps   show
🗑
show includes everyday expenditures of an organization, such as supplies, personnel, and maintenance of office space.  
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Capital budget   show
🗑
show a longer range (5-7 year) look at the capital needs of a community. A CIP includes project descriptions, estimated costs, construction timelines, and sources of funding.  
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Line-item Budgeting   show
🗑
show focused on planning through accomplishing goals set by a department. The advantage of this method is that it helps departments place their programs in perspective and evaluate efforts and accomplishments.  
🗑
show Budget organized by program area, long range planning of goals and required resources, policy analysis, cost benefit analysis and program evaluation  
🗑
Zero-Base Budgeting (ZBB)   show
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ZBB Elements   show
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Performance-based budget   show
🗑
show Traditional function/object budget, performance info on workload, productivity, outputs and outcomes, performance and spending linked through cost analysis + program eval  
🗑
show uses current funds to pay for capital improvement projects;  
🗑
show ones that have been saved for the purchase of future capital improvements;  
🗑
General Obligation Bonds   show
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Revenue Bonds   show
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show allows a designated area to have tax revenue increases used for capital improvements in that area, The designated area receives targeted investment, such as infrastructure improvements which should enable redevelopment and reinvestment in the area. The in  
🗑
show allows a particular group of people to assess the cost of a public improvement.  
🗑
show allows a government to "rent-to-own.” The benefit is that the government does not have to borrow money to finance the acquisition of a major capital improvement.  
🗑
show allow for all or a portion of the cost of a public facility to be paid for by someone other than the local government. Grants are available from all levels of government, the private sector, and foundations  
🗑
show The tax rate increases as income rises. For example, the federal income tax system taxes those with high incomes a higher tax rate than those with low incomes;  
🗑
show The tax rate is the same regardless of income. For example, a property tax rate is the same regardless of the price of your home.  
🗑
show The tax rate decreases as income rises  
🗑
show Fairness, Certainty, Convenience, Efficiency, Productivity, Neutrality  
🗑
show "equal access to wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society." In planning, social justice is about people being able to realize their potential in the communities in which they live  
🗑
show few or no levels of management between management and staff level employees. Employees are less supervised and have increased involvement in the decision-making process.  
🗑
show like a pyramid. Every employee is subordinate to someone else within the organization, except the very top level (the CEO, who may be responsible to a board or an elected body)-employees will have a clear sense of level of responsibility is, large orgs  
🗑
Matrix Organization   show
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Eight elements of Strategic Plan   show
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Smart Cities   show
🗑
show San Francisco, 1867  
🗑
show Cleveland, 1903  
🗑
First major American city to apply City Beautiful principles   show
🗑
show New York City, 1916  
🗑
show Los Angeles, 1922  
🗑
show Confirmed New York State’s authority to delegate police power to municipalities to enact local zoning ordinances. Drafted and approved under Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover.  
🗑
show Cincinnati, 1925  
🗑
show The Act, outlined the powers of municipal planning commissions and required the adoption of a master plan by local governing bodies.  
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First state to introduce statewide zoning   show
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show created the New York Housing Authority. In 1965 he published The City is the Frontier, a book that was highly critical of U.S. federal policies surrounding slum clearance, urban renewal, and public housing.  
🗑
show important planner during the Garden City movement. He was the secretary of the Garden City Association and became the first manager of Letchworth, U.  
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John Nolen   show
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Paolo Soleri   show
🗑
show designed Sunnyside Gardens in Queens, NY, Radburn, NJ, and many other garden suburbs in the U.S. He was a major proponent of the garden city movement  
🗑
show served as the head of the Resettlement Administration during the New Deal. He worked on the greenbelt cities program, which sought construction of new, self-sufficient cities  
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Sir Raymond Unwin   show
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Catherine Bauer Wurster   show
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show about the validity of the rule itself, which in planning might include issues of aesthetics  
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Procedural due process   show
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show often applied to exclusionary zoning.  
🗑
show The Court upheld temporary moratoriums on building permits.  
🗑
show Court found that the 1875 General Railroad ROW Act grants an easement for the railroad’s land. When railroad company abandons the land, it should be settled as an easement and if it is abandoned, it disappears and the land reverts to the previous owner.  
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show The Court held that the EPA must provide a reasonable justification for why it would not regulate greenhouse gases.  
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show The Court found that the Army Corp of Engineers must determine whether there is a significant nexus between a wetland and a navigable waterway.  
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SD Warren v. Maine Board of Environmental Protection; U.S. Supreme Court (2006)   show
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Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs v. Inclusive Communities Project Inc.; US Supreme Court (2015)   show
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Reed et al. v Town of Gilbert Arizona (2014)   show
🗑
show The Court ruled that the acquisition of the national battlefield at Gettysburg served a valid public purpose. This was the first significant legal case dealing with historic preservation.  
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Fred French Investing Co. v. City of New York; New York Court of Appeals (1976)   show
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Keystone Bituminous Coal Association v. DeBenedictis; U.S. Supreme Court (1987)   show
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FCC v. Florida Power Corporation; U.S. Supreme Court (1987)   show
🗑
show answering the question of whether an owner must attempt to sell their development rights before claiming a regulatory taking of property without just compensation - no  
🗑
show upheld a jury award of $1.45 million in favor of the development based on the city's repeated denials of a development permit -epeated denials of permits deprived the owner of all economically viable use of the land  
🗑
Palazzolo v. Rhode Island; U.S. Supreme Court (2001)   show
🗑
show The Supreme Court ruled that submerged lands that would be filled by the state for beach reclamation did not constitute a taking of property without just compensation (in violation of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments).  
🗑
Koontz v. St. John's River Water Management (2012)   show
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Munn v. Illinois; U.S. Supreme Court (1876)   show
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City of Boerne v. Flores; U.S. Supreme Court (1997)   show
🗑
show 500 feet max tangents, use of stop signs/speed bumps, 150 feet between intersections, clear sight distance of 75 feet  
🗑
show 400-450 feet long and 40 foot turn around radius  
🗑
Typical minimum street gradient   show
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Highway Capacity Manual   show
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Levels of Service (LOS)   show
🗑
show designating 65,000 km of interstate highways. These highways, to be selected by state highway departments, authorized the highway system but did not provide funding.  
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Public Roads Administration (PRA)   show
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Federal Highway Act 1953   show
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Federal Highway Act 1956   show
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Federal Highway Act of 1962   show
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TEA-21 (Transportation Equity Act)   show
🗑
show ncrease competition in the communications business and to streamline the installation of cell phone towers. The act gave telecom companies pre-emption powers over local regulations as well as eminent domain powers over private property.  
🗑
show major HUD plan meant to revitalize public housing projects into mixed-income developments, established to replace the many large-scale, low quality public housing projects with smaller, higher quality mixed income projects  
🗑
Low Income Housing Tax Credit 1986   show
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show reated to protect people, families, communities and others from heavily contaminated toxic waste sites that have been abandoned. It created liability for persons discharging hazardous waste, taxed polluting industries in order to establish a trust fund fo  
🗑
show seeks to address discrimination in loans made to individuals and businesses. It was put in place to stop widespread practice of redlining of urban, low income minority neighborhoods.  
🗑
show largest surface transportation allocation in US history, Highway Safety Improvement Program to keep up with repair and reconstruction of aging infrastructure  
🗑
FAST Act 2015   show
🗑
show lists all projects for which federal funds are anticipated, along with non-federally funded projects that are regionally significant. The TIP represents the transportation improvement priorities of the region and is required by federal law, multi-modal  
🗑
Transportation Demand Management (TDM)   show
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TDM Strategies   show
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show has a center with a rail or bus station, surrounded by medium to high-density development, and progressively lower-density spreading outwards. TOD neighborhoods typically have a diameter of one-quarter to one-half mile  
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Chicane   show
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Choker   show
🗑
show does not allow traffic beyond a certain point in the roadway. For example, a partial closure could change the traffic from two-way to one-way at a point on the road.  
🗑
Realigned intersections   show
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Roundabouts   show
🗑
show raised areas placed across a road and are 3 to 4 inches tall. They reduce traffic speed by causing uncomfortable driving conditions if the driver goes too fast.  
🗑
Speed table   show
🗑
show raised landscape islands located at the center of an intersection and can vary in size. They are intended to move more traffic through, increasing efficiency, although they are also meant to reduce traffic speed.  
🗑
show 9 or 10 feet by 18 feet - 180 square feet  
🗑
Peak Parking Demand   show
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Complete Street   show
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Adequate public facilities ordinance (APFO)   show
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Concurrency   show
🗑
Daylighting (2 kinds)   show
🗑
show efers to water-based infrastructure. This can include stormwater management, such as bioretention systems, swales, reservoirs, rain gardens, constructed wetlands, and other waterways.  
🗑
show emphasizes the role of the natural environment in land use planning. A significant emphasis is on converting single-purpose gray stormwater infrastructure (piped drainage and water treatment systems) —to reducing and treating stormwater at its source  
🗑
show a term for building environments that are safe for current and future generations, protecting buildings, infrastructure and the natural environment from damag  
🗑
show efers to the ability of a community to return to its original form after it has been changed. Often resiliency is used to refer to a community’s ability to recover from a natural hazard, economic shock, or other major events.  
🗑
Substantial Damage   show
🗑
Substantial Improvement   show
🗑
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act   show
🗑
Stafford Act four components of a state hazard mitigation plan (Section 409)   show
🗑
show requires local governments to prepare and adopt hazard mitigation plans. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 focuses on prevention.  
🗑
show The Program's Community Rating System (CRS) is a voluntary incentive program that recognizes and encourages community floodplain management activities that exceed the minimum NFIP requirements  
🗑
1950 Federal Disaster Relief Act   show
🗑
1966 Disaster Relief Act of 1966   show
🗑
show Created the National Flood Insurance Program, currently administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).  
🗑
show allocated $150 million for assistance from the President's Disaster Relief Fund—the largest sum for any one year in history. Significant additional funds were spent on disaster assistance under other Federal programs.  
🗑
show made the purchase of flood insurance mandatory for the protection of property located in Special Flood Hazard Areas.  
🗑
show set a precedent for legislative disaster relief in the U.S., allowed for presidential declarations of disaster - replaced by Stafford  
🗑
show is a statute formulating a national policy to diminish the perils of earthquakes in the United States. The Act of Congress is a declaration for an earthquake prediction system, national earthquake hazards reduction program, and seismological research stud  
🗑
show April 22, 1970  
🗑
show created in 1927 in order to create the Colorado River Aqueduct. It was built between 1933 and 1941 and is owned and operated by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. It ran a water pipeline to Los Angeles.  
🗑
Effluent Standards   show
🗑
Point Source Pollution   show
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Non-point Source Pollution   show
🗑
Potable Water   show
🗑
show one or more strata of rock or sediment that is saturated and sufficiently permeable to yield economically significant quantities of water to wells or springs.  
🗑
Estuary   show
🗑
show hallow body of water that is located alongside a coast.  
🗑
show a type of freshwater, brackish water or saltwater wetland found along rivers, ponds, lakes, and coasts. It does not accumulate appreciable peat deposits and is dominated by herbaceous vegetation.  
🗑
Reservoir   show
🗑
show includes rivers, lakes, oceans, ocean-like water bodies, and coastal tidal waters  
🗑
show a freshwater wetland that has spongy, muddy land and a lot of water.  
🗑
show a region drained by, or contributing water to, a surface water body.  
🗑
Wetlands   show
🗑
show In order to discharge pollutants into the water, a Point Source Discharge Permit must be obtained from the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES).  
🗑
Clean Air Act monitors six pollutants   show
🗑
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)   show
🗑
Ambient Air Quality Standards   show
🗑
Environmental Assessment   show
🗑
The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899   show
🗑
The Water Pollution Control Act of 1948   show
🗑
show established the Water Pollution Control Administration within the Department of the Interior. This was the first time water quality was treated as an environmental concern rather than a public health concern.  
🗑
show he amendments broadened the government's authority over water pollution and restructured the authority for water pollution under the Environmental Protection Agency, changed to regulate number of pollutants being discharged from particular point sources  
🗑
show provides protection of animal and plant species that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates as threatened or endangered. This act was later amended in 1988.  
🗑
The Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA) of 1978   show
🗑
show provided EPA with the ability to control hazardous waste from the "cradle-to-grave." This includes the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste, as well as the management of non-hazardous solid waste  
🗑
The Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976   show
🗑
show currently mandates that EPA regulate the use and sale of pesticides to protect human health and the environment.  
🗑
Safe Drinking Water Act 1974   show
🗑
show real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant. Cleaning up and reinvesting in these properties takes development pressures off of  
🗑
show requires that federal agencies strive to make achieving environmental justice part of their mission by addressing the disproportionate adverse environmental and human health impacts of its policies, programs, and activities on minority and low-income popu  
🗑
show simple measures that track the state of the environment and human health over time. They are based primarily on measurements of physical or biological conditions within a clearly defined geographic area.  
🗑
show All fossil fuels, Coal, crude oil, and natural gas are all considered fossil fuels (formed from the buried remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago). Natural gas and methane gas (a naturally occurring byproduct of decaying plant and  
🗑
show cannot be exhausted and is constantly renewed. This includes sunlight, geothermal heat, wind, tides, water, and various forms of biomass.  
🗑
show uses organic material which is burned to create energy. Biomass is renewable organic matter such as wood or ethanol (derived almost exclusively from corn).  
🗑
show ypically associated with large dams. It uses falling water to produce power, which is moved through a turbine, causing it to spin. The spinning turbine is coupled with a generator, which produces energy.  
🗑
Passive Solar Design   show
🗑
Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems   show
🗑
show thermal resistance (resistance to heat flow)The higher the R-value, the greater the insulation. A minimum R-value of 20 is recommended for residential use.  
🗑
show geographic areas in which companies can qualify for a variety of subsidies. The original intent of most EZ programs was to encourage businesses to stay, locate, or expand in depressed areas and thereby help to revitalize them  
🗑
Context-Sensitive Design (CSD)   show
🗑
A Form-based code   show
🗑
New Urbanism   show
🗑
show The six Transect Zones instead provide the basis for real neighborhood structure, which requires walkable streets, mixed use, transportation options, and housing diversity.  
🗑
The 6 Transect Zones   show
🗑
show • 68 % is within one standard deviation of the mean. • 95% is within two standard deviations. • 99% is within three standard deviations.  
🗑
In 2009, ___ percent of the population lived in multi-generational households based on ACS data   show
🗑
show credited with coining the term "communicative planning" in her article Planning Theory’s Emerging Paradigm: Communicative Action and Interactive Practice.  
🗑
Indian Reorganization Act   show
🗑
Inclusionary Zoning   show
🗑
show establishes a program to regulate the discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States, including wetlands.  
🗑
show 1930s  
🗑
show coupon rate  
🗑
Adverse possession   show
🗑
show Squatters rights are a specific form of adverse possession. Squatters typically do not have a right to the title of the property but cannot be removed without due process  
🗑
Homesteading   show
🗑
Adverse abandonment   show
🗑
Federal definition of homelessness   show
🗑
show brings humans and nature together through sustainable strategies, which can include lighting, ventilation, access to water and natural elements.  
🗑
show an increase in the number of windows, plumbing on each floor, and outlawing Dumbbell Tenements.  
🗑
show the shape of the building footprint: the air shaft gives each tenement the narrow-waisted shape of a dumbbell, wide facing the street and backyard, narrowed in between to create the air corridor.  
🗑
Fire ratings   show
🗑
National marriage rate trends   show
🗑
Marriage rates between 1960-2000   show
🗑
most common technique used to resolve conflict?   show
🗑
Arbitration   show
🗑
show 4,000 acre master planned development was developed to provide jobs, recreation, shopping, health care, and a mix of housing at different price points  
🗑
Drosscape   show
🗑
nonsampling error   show
🗑
most commonly used for traffic volume   show
🗑
show American Community Survey (ACS) American Housing Survey (AHS) Current Population Survey (CPS) Consumer Expenditure Survey (CE) National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)  
🗑
show Submit a petition to the AICP Ethics Committee  
🗑
show allows for brainstorming allowing for all members of a group to meaningfully participate. There are silent times allowing for idea generation followed by individual sharing of ideas.  
🗑
show According to the 2010 Census, 65% of residential units are owner occupied  
🗑
show cities with minority mayors  
🗑
show former development sights that are not contaminated.  
🗑
Satisficing   show
🗑
Affordability index   show
🗑
Local economy is made up of:   show
🗑
show I. A building that provides space which is leased by the rack, cabinet, cage or room II. A shared building that provides security, cooling, power, and bandwidth  
🗑
Beneficiary assessments   show
🗑
show allows for models to be quickly developed and allows participants to search for alternatives that can best meet interested parties needs.  
🗑
Base map   show
🗑
show After a bill has been voted on and approved by one side of the legislature, in this case, the House, then it would be referred to the Senate. The bill is then introduced by the Senate Speaker, referred to a committee, and then goes through the legislative  
🗑
  show
🗑
show Two acres is sufficient to feed a household of four using the bio-intensive method of agriculture.  
🗑
In order to improve the sample reliability, which of the following should you do?   show
🗑
The Change Interval   show
🗑
Which president of the United States was responsible for founding America's first national wildlife refuge?   show
🗑
Connectivity Index   show
🗑
Empowerment zones   show
🗑
Traffic Analysis Zones   show
🗑
Volume to capacity ratios   show
🗑
show designed to permit interaction that occurs in small groups but can be witnessed by a larger group  
🗑
show 4-D Process of Discovery, Dream, Design and Destiny. Each organization has a unique set of relationships with in the company and among stakeholders.  
🗑
Multiattribute Utility Analysis   show
🗑
show examine the influence of one or more independent variables on a dependent variable.  
🗑
show Roosevelt established the Rural Resettlement Administration with a goal of moving people off of agriculturally exhausted land and into greenbelt cities.  
🗑
Quick Response Urban Travel Estimation Techniques and Transferable Parameters   show
🗑
Oregon’s Measure 37   show
🗑
Coefficients of runoff   show
🗑
Sewage Treatment Process   show
🗑
Vested Rights   show
🗑
Best Project management technique when time is a factor   show
🗑
Sample selection bias   show
🗑
show Linear programming  
🗑
show consensus building  
🗑
Section 8   show
🗑
HOME Investment Partnerships Program   show
🗑
show 1899 founded the Hull House in Chicago to provide housing to low-income families  
🗑
Present/Future value formula   show
🗑
show Development of a purchase of development rights program would best protect and preserve agricultural land.  
🗑
  show
🗑
show Detroit 1954  
🗑
show R-20  
🗑
A. Lacustrine B. Littoral C. Oligotrophic D. Palustrine   show
🗑
You decide to propose a national heritage area in your region. Which of the following are appropriate actions?   show
🗑
Neo-traditional neighborhood development   show
🗑
show including preserves, corridors, and trailheads, among other types of green infrastructure  
🗑
show A parking cash-out program allows employees the option of cashing out their subsidized parking space and taking transit to work for free.  
🗑
Federal Property Administration Act of 1949   show
🗑
NAFTA   show
🗑
show Hawaii  
🗑
show Yellowstone  
🗑
Attracting the creative class to cities - THree T's   show
🗑
Participatory Rural Appraisal   show
🗑
show : financial incentives (tax breaks or low-interest loans) targeted to attract specific types of retail in certain areas; zoning restrictions on chain stores and big-box retailers; reduced mandates for ground-floor retail if such mandates are generating an  
🗑
show Identification of Minority or Low-Income Populations, Public Participation, Numeric Analysis (that agencies should consider relevant demographic, public health and industry data), and Alternatives and Mitigation  
🗑
Planning for freight   show
🗑
Optimal Committee Size   show
🗑
show I. Greenbelt, Maryland II. Greenhill, Ohio III. Greendale, Wisconsin  
🗑
Net Operating Income (NOI)   show
🗑
show an underlying feature and aspect of advocacy planning., diversity tolerance, dialogue  
🗑
Channelization   show
🗑
show Logon and Mollotch -  
🗑
show allowed public lands to be sold for a nominal fee.  
🗑
show established the Home Ownership Made Easy (HOME) program which provided matching federal funds to local government expenditures for low-income housing needs.  
🗑
HOME program   show
🗑
Management by Objectives (MBO)   show
🗑
Appalachian Regional Commission   show
🗑
show the number of live births per 1000 women between the ages of 15 and 44 years  
🗑
show I. Protect property values II. Protect the health and safety of the community III. Protect the environment  
🗑
Susan Fainstein, there are three elements of the "Just City"   show
🗑
Regional input-output modeling system   show
🗑
show Hippodamus  
🗑
show Established setback requirements  
🗑
Easement by necessity   show
🗑
FAST act 7 goals   show
🗑
show the discharge of pollutants into the environment in an untreated, partially treated, or completely treated state.  
🗑
show a strategy that can be used in shrinking cities to plan for decl  
🗑
LOS B   show
🗑
characteristic of a traditional small town   show
🗑
T.J. Kent's components of an effective master plan as noted in The Urban General Plan   show
🗑
key functions that taxes serve?   show
🗑
show s an account that manages the revenues and expenditures of a self-sufficient activity such as a minor league baseball park, parking garage or zoo.  
🗑
Visioning includes   show
🗑
show interest rates, stock prices, oil prices, unemployment, housing starts, and consumer expectations are all part of the leading indicators  
🗑
Turn-key project   show
🗑
Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program   show
🗑
show determines the sales capacity of a market area and if the introduction of a new business will generate additional customers.  
🗑
albedo   show
🗑
show SFHA are defined as the area that will be inundated by the flood event having a 1-percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year. The 1-percent annual chance flood is also referred to as the base flood or 100-year flood.  
🗑
principal cause of the increase in homelessness   show
🗑
show This is a series of techniques designed to be highly visual and accessible to those who cannot read or write. Examples, include pocket charts, three pile sorting, and picture stories with gaps.  
🗑
show results in negotiating development agreements that tie increased densities to community amenity contributions. This is used in Vancouver and Santa Monica.  
🗑
Chicago Metropolis 2020   show
🗑
show providing less mobility and a moderate amount of land access, distributing travel to smaller areas, while interconnecting the major roads  
🗑
local streets   show
🗑
show free-flow operations. Traffic flows at or above the posted speed limit and all motorists have complete mobility between lanes. The average spacing between vehicles is about 550 ft(167m) or 27 car lengths  
🗑
Level of service B   show
🗑
show Stable flow or at or near free-flow operations. Ability to maneuver through lanes is noticeably restricted and lane changes require more driver awareness. Minimum vehicle spacing is about 220 ft(67m) or 11 car lengths  
🗑
Level of service D   show
🗑
show Unstable flow or operations at capacity. Flow becomes irregular and speed varies rapidly because there are virtually no usable gaps to maneuver in the traffic stream and speeds rarely reach the posted limit.  
🗑
Level of service F   show
🗑
The Land and Water Conservation Fund (1964)   show
🗑
show A deep lake with a low supply of nutrients and low supply of organic matter  
🗑
show 25  
🗑
Lowering a thermostat by 1 degree Fahrenheit can reduce a heating bill by what percent?   show
🗑
Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (1953)   show
🗑
show 75  
🗑
General Services Administration (GSA)   show
🗑
show refers to public participation that is insincere and for which the participation by the public will not have any bearing on the outcome.  
🗑
What portion of mail surveys are typically returned?   show
🗑
show Portland, Columbus and Phoenix  
🗑
Translational researc   show
🗑
What could be described as the “holy grail” of effective planning agency management?   show
🗑
auger   show
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You are drafting a wellhead protection ordinance to minimize aquifer contamination. Which of the following would a wellhead protection ordinance protect?   show
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show A geographic entity, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget for use by federal statistical agencies, is based on the concept of two or more overlapping core areas with a large population nuclei that includes at least 1 million people.  
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Real property   show
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show the market value of all the products and services produced in one year by labor and property supplied by the citizens of a country - all final goods and services produced in a country in one year (gross domestic product) plus income that residents have r  
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gross domestic product   show
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show a federal law that requires full or partial disclosure of public information and documents controlled by the federal government. States have their own FOIA requirements for the release of state and local public information  
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Multiplier Analysis   show
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show I. National Environmental Policy Act II. Clean Air Act III. Clean Water Act IV. Farm Bill Conservation  
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Steps in a Strategic Process   show
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