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| Functions of the nervous system | Control, regulation, coordination of body systems, memory and sensation
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| Divisions of the central system (cns) | Central (CNS)& Peripheral (PNS)
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| Divisions of the Peripheral System (pns) | Afferent (sensory), Efferent (motor), visceral, autonomic, somatic, sympathetic and parasympathetic.
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| Peripheral Nervous System (pns) | Throughout the body
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| Central nervous system (cns) | Brain and spinal cord
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| Efferent (motor) division | Transmits info from CNS to rest of the body
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| Afferent (sensory) division | Carries signals from nerve endings and CNS
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| Somatic nervous system | Signals from bones, skin, joints and muscles.
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| Visceral nervous system | Signals come from viscera of heart, lungs, stomach and bladder.
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| Parasympathetic nervous system | Calming effect
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| Sympathetic nervous system | Arouses the body for action
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| Neuron | Impulse-conducting cells that run the nervous system
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| Classes of neurons | Sensory, interneuron and motor
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| Sensory neuron | Detect stimuli such as touch, pressure, heat, cold or chemicals
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| Interneurons | found ONLY in the CNS, connect the incoming with the outgoing.
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| Motor neurons | Relay messages from the brain to the muscle or gland cells.
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| Types or neurons | Multipolar, bipolar, unipolar
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| Multipolar | 1 axon and dendrite. Most common. Brain & spinal cord
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| Bipolar neurons | 2 processes. Axon and dendrite between two. In retina of the eye and olfactory nerve in the nose.
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| Unipolar neurons | 1 process. Branches into T shape. Sensory nerves of the Peripheal Nervous System.
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| Neuroglia | Supportive cells. Protect neuron.
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| Myelin | Speeds up impulses. Typically nerve fibers that stimulate skeletal muscles.
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| Blood-Brain Barrier | Exists throughout the brain. Molecules diffuse across the brain but blocks larger ones. “Basement membrane”
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| Repair of nerve fibers | Pns nerves and regenerate if soma and neurilemma intact. CNS does not have neurilemma and injuries are permanent.
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| Neuron structure | Soma, myelin sheath, and axon
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| Cell body or soma | Contains nucleus; control center of neuron
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| Axon | Carries nerve signals AWAY.
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| Myelin Sheath | Encase most axon. Insulation to axon.
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| No neurilemma | No neuron regeneration
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| Synapses | Chemical. 2 neurons don’t touch.
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| Epidural space | Small space that lies between outer covering of spinal cord.
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| Central canal | Carries cerebrospinal fluid through the spinal cord
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| Gray matter | Lacks myelin. Contains interneurons & motor neurons
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| White matter | Abundance of myelin. Bundles of axon (tracts)
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| Pia mater | Innermost layer.
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| Arachnoid mater | Delicate layer; resembles cob web
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| Dura mater | Tough outer layer
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| Meninges | Covers the outside of the brain. Offering protection.
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| Ventricles | 4 chambers of the brain.
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| Brain stem | Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
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| Medulla oblongata | Regulates breathing, bp, heart rate & reflexes.
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| Pons | Send messages through diff sections of the brain
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| Midbrain | Auditory and visual reflexes
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| Cerebellum | Receives/processes messages. Help balance,posture and coordination.
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| Diencephalon | Thalamaus- process and filter impulses
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| Diencephalon | Hypothalamus- controls ans, hunger, thirst, temp regulation, emotional response and controls pituitary gland
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| Cerebrum | Largest part of the brain
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| Cerebral cortex functions | Motor, sensory, language, special senses, memory and cerebral lateralization
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| Left hemisphere | Control rt side of body, language, logical, science and Mary & analytical thought
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| Right hemisphere | Controls lt side of body, creativity, emotion, imagination, art and music.
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| Neurotransmitter | Cholinergic fibers && adrenergic fibers
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| Receptors | Cholinergic receptors && adrenergic receptors
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| Hypothalamus | Bottom 1/2 of the brain
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| Dendrites | Receive signals and conduct the info to the cells body
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| Physiology | Biology that deals with Norma functions of living organisms and their parts.
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| Metabolism | Chemical process that breaks down food and converts to energy.
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| Homeostasis | Tendency to resist change to maintain stability
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| Nucleus | Center of an atom
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| Actin potential relay | 1) travels down axon, change in polarity across the membrane
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| Actin potential relay | 2) NA+ opens in neuron and closed causing depolarization.
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