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Ch 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functions of the nervous system | Control, regulation, coordination of body systems, memory and sensation |
| Divisions of the central system (cns) | Central (CNS)& Peripheral (PNS) |
| Divisions of the Peripheral System (pns) | Afferent (sensory), Efferent (motor), visceral, autonomic, somatic, sympathetic and parasympathetic. |
| Peripheral Nervous System (pns) | Throughout the body |
| Central nervous system (cns) | Brain and spinal cord |
| Efferent (motor) division | Transmits info from CNS to rest of the body |
| Afferent (sensory) division | Carries signals from nerve endings and CNS |
| Somatic nervous system | Signals from bones, skin, joints and muscles. |
| Visceral nervous system | Signals come from viscera of heart, lungs, stomach and bladder. |
| Parasympathetic nervous system | Calming effect |
| Sympathetic nervous system | Arouses the body for action |
| Neuron | Impulse-conducting cells that run the nervous system |
| Classes of neurons | Sensory, interneuron and motor |
| Sensory neuron | Detect stimuli such as touch, pressure, heat, cold or chemicals |
| Interneurons | found ONLY in the CNS, connect the incoming with the outgoing. |
| Motor neurons | Relay messages from the brain to the muscle or gland cells. |
| Types or neurons | Multipolar, bipolar, unipolar |
| Multipolar | 1 axon and dendrite. Most common. Brain & spinal cord |
| Bipolar neurons | 2 processes. Axon and dendrite between two. In retina of the eye and olfactory nerve in the nose. |
| Unipolar neurons | 1 process. Branches into T shape. Sensory nerves of the Peripheal Nervous System. |
| Neuroglia | Supportive cells. Protect neuron. |
| Myelin | Speeds up impulses. Typically nerve fibers that stimulate skeletal muscles. |
| Blood-Brain Barrier | Exists throughout the brain. Molecules diffuse across the brain but blocks larger ones. “Basement membrane” |
| Repair of nerve fibers | Pns nerves and regenerate if soma and neurilemma intact. CNS does not have neurilemma and injuries are permanent. |
| Neuron structure | Soma, myelin sheath, and axon |
| Cell body or soma | Contains nucleus; control center of neuron |
| Axon | Carries nerve signals AWAY. |
| Myelin Sheath | Encase most axon. Insulation to axon. |
| No neurilemma | No neuron regeneration |
| Synapses | Chemical. 2 neurons don’t touch. |
| Epidural space | Small space that lies between outer covering of spinal cord. |
| Central canal | Carries cerebrospinal fluid through the spinal cord |
| Gray matter | Lacks myelin. Contains interneurons & motor neurons |
| White matter | Abundance of myelin. Bundles of axon (tracts) |
| Pia mater | Innermost layer. |
| Arachnoid mater | Delicate layer; resembles cob web |
| Dura mater | Tough outer layer |
| Meninges | Covers the outside of the brain. Offering protection. |
| Ventricles | 4 chambers of the brain. |
| Brain stem | Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata |
| Medulla oblongata | Regulates breathing, bp, heart rate & reflexes. |
| Pons | Send messages through diff sections of the brain |
| Midbrain | Auditory and visual reflexes |
| Cerebellum | Receives/processes messages. Help balance,posture and coordination. |
| Diencephalon | Thalamaus- process and filter impulses |
| Diencephalon | Hypothalamus- controls ans, hunger, thirst, temp regulation, emotional response and controls pituitary gland |
| Cerebrum | Largest part of the brain |
| Cerebral cortex functions | Motor, sensory, language, special senses, memory and cerebral lateralization |
| Left hemisphere | Control rt side of body, language, logical, science and Mary & analytical thought |
| Right hemisphere | Controls lt side of body, creativity, emotion, imagination, art and music. |
| Neurotransmitter | Cholinergic fibers && adrenergic fibers |
| Receptors | Cholinergic receptors && adrenergic receptors |
| Hypothalamus | Bottom 1/2 of the brain |
| Dendrites | Receive signals and conduct the info to the cells body |
| Physiology | Biology that deals with Norma functions of living organisms and their parts. |
| Metabolism | Chemical process that breaks down food and converts to energy. |
| Homeostasis | Tendency to resist change to maintain stability |
| Nucleus | Center of an atom |
| Actin potential relay | 1) travels down axon, change in polarity across the membrane |
| Actin potential relay | 2) NA+ opens in neuron and closed causing depolarization. |
Created by:
Coralebberson
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