Key Ideas and Terms from the Ancient Rome Unit.
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Etruscans | ancestors of the Romans; came to Italy after starving in Asia Minor
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| Romulus | founder of Rome who became king; killed his brother in a dispute over the size
of the city walls
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| Remus | founder of Rome who was killed by his brother
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| Palatine Hill | Place where the she-wolf Lupa raised the twin brothers. Eventually became the site of the the new city of Rome.
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| Rhea Silvia and Mars | Birth Parents of Romulus and Remus.
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| Sabines | tribe whose women were stolen by the men of Rome
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| tebenna | clothing that later became the Roman toga
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| April 21, 753 BCE | date of the founding of Rome according to legend
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| consul | one of two executive leaders of the Roman Republic; served for one year and
ran the government and army. Typically a military leader.
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| veto | means "I forbid" and could be used to stop the passage of laws
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| Senate | group of 300 wealthy male citizens who served for life and proposed laws
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| praetor | leader who ran the court system in the Roman Republic
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| Twelve Tables | foundation of all laws used during the Roman Republic
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| patricians | wealthy aristocrats and landowners. Originally the only people allowed to be senators.
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| plebeians | poor and working class people: soldiers, artists, farmers, craftsmen. Allowed to participate in government only by voting.
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| SPQR | Senatus Populusque Romanus: motto of the Roman Republic
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| tribunes | leaders chosen to watch out for the rights of the plebeians in the government
of the Roman Republic
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| Punic Wars | three wars fought between Carthage and Rome
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| Hannibal | leader of Carthage during the 2nd Punic War. Was exiled and committed suicide after his defeat.
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| Augustus | first emperor of Rome; defeated Marc Antony; once called Octavian; ruled for
over 40 years
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| Pax Romana | period of peace time under Augustus
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| Praetorian Guard | security guards of the emperor who often determined who would be the next
emperor
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| Caligula | One of Rome's worst rulers. Known for his madness and brutality. Was killed by his own Praetorian Guard.
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| Claudius | Became Emperor after Caligula's death. Born with a childhood illness. Conquered Britain during his reign.
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| Colosseum | Roman arena used for public entertainment; could hold 50,000 people and be
filled with water for mock naval battles
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| Forum | Roman marketplace
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| Nero | Known for his cruelty and greed. Persecuted Christians. Very artistic and liked to play music. Was sentenced to death by Senate, but committed suicide instead.
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| Cincinnatus | Roman statesman who was given total power to defend Rome; defeated the
enemy and gave up all power
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| Julius Caesar | general who conquered Gaul and Egypt; asked to be voted dictator for life,
but was killed by the Senate because he threatened their power
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| Brittania | northernmost province of the Roman Empire; now called the United Kingdom
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| Gaul | modern-day France; conquered by Julius Caesar
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| Carthage | north African empire defeated by the Romans in the Punic Wars
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| Latin | language that unified the provinces of the Roman Empire
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| 120,000,000 | number of people in the Roman Empire at its height
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| 2,200,000 | number of square miles in the Roman Empire at its height
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| public baths | place of exercise, socializing, and discussing politics
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| villa | large home for wealthy patricians
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| Festival of Saturnalia | public holiday where Romans gambled, played games, and ate; dedicated to
the god Saturn
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| Jesus Christ | born and lived in the Roman province of Judea
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| Gospels | writings about the "good news" Jesus spread to his disciples
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| crucifixion | Roman practice of torture where a person is nailed to a cross
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| foreign mercenaries | soldiers from areas outside the Roman Empire that were hired for the army
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| barbarians | tribes who attacked the Roman Empire: Vandals, Visigoths, Huns
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| Byzantine Empire | eastern half of the Roman Empire that survived until the 1400's when the
western half fell to the barbarians
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| war elephants | animals used by Hannibal of Carthage to attack Rome
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| checks and balances | safeguards in the government of the Roman Republic so that no one had too
much power
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| Hadrian | Great Traveler. Realized Rome was to large to defend and pulled armies back to defensive points. Created Hadrian's wall in in Britain.
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| Constantine | Known as Constantine the Great. First christian emperor. Reunited the Eastern and Western parts of the Roman Empire during his reign.
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