Cells and Tissues (I)
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cells | The basic biological unit of living organisms, containing a nucleus and a variety of organelles enclosed by a limited membrane
🗑
|
||||
| Generalized Cell | Cells that have different functions
🗑
|
||||
| Nucleus | A dense central body in most cells containing the genetic information of the cell
🗑
|
||||
| Nuclear Envelope (Nuclear Membrane) | A double membrane barrier surrounding the nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| Nuclear Pores | Penetrate through the fused regions
🗑
|
||||
| Nucleoli | Small spherical bodies in the cell nucleus; function in ribosome synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| Chromatin | A loose network of bumpy threads formed when DNA is combined with protein
🗑
|
||||
| Chromosomes | Barlike bodies of tightly coiled chromatin; visible during cell division
🗑
|
||||
| Plasma Membrane | A fragile, transparent barrier that contains the cell contents and separates them from the surrounding environment
🗑
|
||||
| Microvilli | Tiny fingerlike projections that greatly increase the cell's surface area for absorption
🗑
|
||||
| Tight Junctions | Impermeable junctions that bind cells together into leakproof sheets
🗑
|
||||
| Desmosomes | Anchoring junctions that prevent cells subjected to mechanical stress from being pulled apart
🗑
|
||||
| Gap Junctions | Commonly seen in the heart and between embryonic cells, function mainly to allow communication
🗑
|
||||
| Connexons | Hollow cylinders composed of proteins that span the entire width of the abutting membranes
🗑
|
||||
| Cytoplasm | The cellular material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane
🗑
|
||||
| Cytosol | Semitransparent fluid that suspends the other elements, nutrients and a variety pg other solutes
🗑
|
||||
| Organelles | Metabolic machinery of the cell
🗑
|
||||
| Inclusions | Chemical substances that may or may not be present, depending on the specific cell type
🗑
|
||||
| Mitochondria | The rodlike cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation
🗑
|
||||
| Ribosomes | Tiny, bilobed, dark bodies made of proteins and one variety of RNA
🗑
|
||||
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | A system of fluid-filled cisterns that coil and twist through the cytoplasm
🗑
|
||||
| Rough ER | Cell's membrane factory ; contains ribosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Smooth ER | Communicates with the rough variety,it plays no role in protein synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| Golgi Apparatus | A stack of flattened membranous sacs, associated with swarms of tiny vesicles (modify and package proteins)
🗑
|
||||
| Transport Vesicles | Bring proteins to the Golgi Apparatus by the rough ER
🗑
|
||||
| Secretory Vesicles | A vesicle that mediates the vesicular transport of cargo
🗑
|
||||
| Lysosomes | Membranous "bags" containing powerful digestive enzymes
🗑
|
||||
| Peroxisomes | Membranous sacs containing powerful oxidase enzymes that use molecular Oxygen to detoxify a number of harmful or poisonous substances
🗑
|
||||
| Free Radicals | Highly reactive chemicals with unpaired electrons hat can scramble the structure of proteins and nucleic acids
🗑
|
||||
| Cytoskeleton | An elaborate network of protein structures extends throughout the cytoplasm
🗑
|
||||
| Intermediate Filaments | Strong/stable ropelike help form desmosomes and provide internal guy wires to resist pulling forces on the cell
🗑
|
||||
| Microfilaments | Most involved in cell motility and in producing changes in cell shape
🗑
|
||||
| Microtubules | Determine the overall shape of a cell and the distribution of organelles
🗑
|
||||
| Centrioles | A minute body found near the nucleus of the cell composed of microtubules; active in cell division
🗑
|
||||
| Cilia | Whiplike cellular extensions that move substances long the cell surface
🗑
|
||||
| Flagella | Long, whiplike extensions of the cell membrane of some bacteria and of sperm; serve to propel the cell
🗑
|
||||
| Solution | A homogeneous mixture of two or more components
🗑
|
||||
| Solvent | The substance present in the largest amount in a solution
🗑
|
||||
| Solutes | Components or substances present in smaller amounts
🗑
|
||||
| Intracellular Fluid | A solution containing small amounts of gases, nutrients, and salts,dissolved in water
🗑
|
||||
| Interstitial Fluid | The fluid that continuously bathes the exterior of our cells
🗑
|
||||
| Selective Permeability | A barrier allows some substances t pass through it while excluding others
🗑
|
||||
| Passive Transport Processes | Substances are transported across he membrane without any energy input from the cell
🗑
|
||||
| Active Transport Processes | The cell provides the metabolic energy (ATP) that drives the transport process
🗑
|
||||
| Diffusion | The process by which molecules (and ions) tend to scatter themselves throughout the available space
🗑
|
||||
| Concentration Gradient | The kinetic energy of the molecules themselves; high to low concentration
🗑
|
||||
| Simple Diffusion | The unassisted diffusion of solutes through the plasma membrane
🗑
|
||||
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane such as the plasma membrane
🗑
|
||||
| Facilitated Diffusion | Provides passage for certain needed substances that are both lipid-insoluble and too large to pass through the membrane pores
🗑
|
||||
| Filtration | The process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid, or hydrostatic pressure
🗑
|
||||
| Pressure Gradient | Difference in hydrostatic (fluid) pressure the drives filtration
🗑
|
||||
| Solute Pumping | Require protein carriers that combine reversibly with the substances to be transported across the membrane
🗑
|
||||
| Solute Pumps | Uses ATP to energize carrier proteins
🗑
|
||||
| Sodium-Potassium Pump | Simultaneously carries sodium ions out of and potassium ions into the cell is absolutely necessary for normal transmission of impulses by nerve cells
🗑
|
||||
| Bulk Transport | Help transport some substances that cannot get through the plasma membrane in any other way
🗑
|
||||
| Exocytosis | Moves substances out of cells
🗑
|
||||
| Endocytosis | Moves substances into the cell
🗑
|
||||
| Phagocytosis | The ingestion of solid particles by cells
🗑
|
||||
| Fluid-Phase Endocytosis (Pinocytosis) | The engulfing of extracellular fluid by cells
🗑
|
||||
| Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis | The main cellular mechanism for taking up specific target molecules
🗑
|
||||
| Cell Life Cycle | The series of changes a cell goes through from the time it is formed until it divides
🗑
|
||||
| Interphase | The cell grows and carries on its usual metabolic activities
🗑
|
||||
| Cell Division | A cell reproduces itself
🗑
|
||||
| Mitosis | Division of the nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| Prophase | As cells division begins, the chromatin threads coil and shorten so that visible barlike bodies appear
🗑
|
||||
| Chromaid | The two strands that each chromosome is actually made up of
🗑
|
||||
| Centromere | A small buttonlike body that holds a chromatid together
🗑
|
||||
| Mitotic Spindle | A macromolecular machine that segregates chromosomes to two daughter cells during mitosis
🗑
|
||||
| Metaphase | The chromosomes cluster and become aligned at the metaphase plate so that straight line of chromosomes is seen
🗑
|
||||
| Anaphase | The centromeres that have held the chromatids together split
🗑
|
||||
| Telophase | The chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell uncoil to become threadlike chromatin again
🗑
|
||||
| Cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasm
🗑
|
||||
| Cleavage Furrow | It eventually squeezes or pinches the original cytoplasmic mass into to parts
🗑
|
||||
| Gene | Biological unit of heredity located in chromatin; transmits hereditary information
🗑
|
||||
| Enzymes | Biological catalysts that regulate chemical reactions in the cells
🗑
|
||||
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | The nucleic acid that contain ribose; acts in protein synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules | Small cloverleaf-shaped molecules
🗑
|
||||
| Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | Helps form the ribosomes, where proteins are built
🗑
|
||||
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules | Long, single nucleotide strands that resemble half of a DNA molecule and carry the "message" containing instructions for protein synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| Transcription | The transfer of information from DNA's base sequence into complimentary base sequence of nRNA
🗑
|
||||
| Triplet | Each three-base sequence specifying a particular amino acid on the DNA gene
🗑
|
||||
| Codons | The corresponding three-base sequences on mRNA
🗑
|
||||
| Translation Phase | The language of nucleic acids is "translated" into the language of proteins
🗑
|
||||
| Anticodon | A special three-base sequence
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
sarah23me1
Popular Anatomy sets