Study Guide Chapter 9 Joints
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| JOINTS ARE | The place where two or more bones meet which are called ARTICULATION
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| FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS | Are based on the degree of MOVEMENT they permit, they can
be IMMOVABLE, SLIGHTLY MOVABLE OR FREELY MOVEABLE
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| Three types of JOINTS are | SYNARTHROSIS--The Articulating bones are COMPLETELY IMMOVABLE OR FIXED JOINTS
AMPHIARTHROSIS--A SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE joint
DIARTHROSIS--A FREELY MOVABLE joint
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| EXAMPLES of SYNARTHROSIS JOINTS ARE | SUTURES(All joints in the SKULL except TMI-Temporal Mandibular Joints)
JOINTS between the FIRST RIB and the STERNUM
EPIPHYSEAL PLATE of the growing bones
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| EXAMPLES of DIARTHROSIS JOINTS ARE | SHOULDER JOINT
ELBOW JOINT
HIP JOINT
KNEE JOINT
CARPAL JOINT
MANY, MANY OTHERS
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| EXAMPLES of AMPHIARTHROSIS | INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS
PUBIC SYMPHYSIS
DENTOALVEOLAR JOINT
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| SYNOVIAL JOINTS have certain CHARACTERISTICS that distinguish them from OTHER JOINTS | The UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS of a SYNOVIAL JOINT is the presence of a space called a SYNOVIAL CAVITY which contains FLUIDS that separates the articulating bones
Outside the SYNOVIAL CAVITY are ARTICULATING BONES that are connected by a DENSE CONNECTIVE CAPSULE
The bones of a Synovial Joint are covered by a LAYER of HYALINE CARTILAGE called ARTICULAR CARTILAGE that covers the articulating surface of each bone.
All synovial joints are DIARTHROSIS-FREELY MOVABLE
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| DETAILS of a SYNOVIAL JOINTS | The FIBROUS CAPSULE contains DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
that attaches to the articulate bones.
The LIGAMENTS are formed by BUNDLES of CONNECTIVE TISSUES and holds the bones together.
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| DETAILS of a SYNOVIAL JOINTS | The SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE secretes SYNOVIAL FLUID which is a PALE YELLOW FLUID
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| DETAILS of a SYNOVIAL JOINTS | The SYNOVIAL CAVITY contains SYNOVIAL FLUID
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| DETAILS of a SYNOVIAL JOINTS | ARTICULAR CARTILAGE is a SMOOTH WHITE TISSUE that covers the ENDS OF THE BONE they come together to form the JOINT
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| DETAILS of a SYNOVIAL JOINTS | HYALINE CARTILAGE provides a smooth surface enabling tissues to MOVE/SLIDE over each other.
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| SYNOVIAL FLUID CHARACTERISTICS | SYNOVIAL FLUID is a VISCOUS , CLEAR OR PALE YELLOW FLUID that has the appearance of an uncooked egg white
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| FUNCTIONS OF THE SYNOVIAL FLUID | LUBRICATES and PROVIDES SHOCK ABSORPTION for the JOINT
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| FUNCTIONS OF THE SYNOVIAL FLUID | Distributes OXYGEN and NUTRIENTS to the ARTICULAR CARTILAGE and REMOVES METABOLIC WASTES
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| FUNCTIONS OF THE SYNOVIAL FLUID | Contains PHAGOCYTES to remove DEBRIS and MICROBES
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| JOINT MOVEMENT ARE CAUSED BY | The MOVEMENT of MUSCLES
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| JOINT MOVEMENT ORIGIN | Are the FIXED BONY ATTACHMENT
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| JOINT MOVEMENT INSERTION | Are the BONY ATTACHMENT that MOVES when the MUSCLE CONTRACTS
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| JOINT MOVEMENT ACTION | Are the JOINT MOVEMENT occurring when the MUSCLE CONTRACTS
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| MUSCLE ACTIONS (FLEXION/EXTENSION/HYPEREXTENSION | FLEXION-DECREASING the ANGLE of a JOINT or moving a body part ANTERIORLY
EXTENSION-INCREASING the ANGLE of a joint or moving a body part POSTERIORLY
HYPEREXTENSION-EXCESSIVE EXTENSION
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| MUSCLE ACTIONS ABDUCTION AND ADDUCTION | ABDUCTION-MOVING a body part AWAY from a MIDLINE
ADDUCTION-MOVING a body part TOWARD A MIDLINE
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| MUSCLE ACTIONS CIRCUMDUCTION | CIRCUMDUCTION-MOVING a body part in a 360 degree angle
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| MUSCLE ACTIONS ROTATION | ROTATION-MOVEMENT of a body part ALONG ITS OWN LONGITUDINAL AXIS
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| MUSCLE ACTIONS ELEVATION AND DEPRESSION | ELEVATION-MOVEMENT of a body part SUPERIORLY
DEPRESSION-MOVEMENT of a body part inferiorly
DESCRIBES the MOVEMENT of the MANDIBLE and SHOULDERS
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| MUSCLE ACTIONS PROTRACTION AND RETRACTION | PROTRACTION-MOVEMENT of the MANDIBLE
RETRACTION-MOVEMENT of the MANDIBLE POSTERIORLY
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| MUSCLE ACTION PRONATION AND SUPINATION | PRONATION- MEDIAL ROTATION of the FOREARM that directs the PALMAR SURFACE of the HAND POSTERIORLY
SUPINATION-LATERAL ROTATION of the FOREARM that directs the PALMAR SURFACE to the HAND ANTERIORLY
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| MUSCLE ACTION INVERSION AND EVERSION | INVERSION-MOVEMENT of the PLANTAR SURFACE of the FOOT INWARD TOWARD the MIDLINE
EVERSION-MOVEMENT OF THE PLANTAR SURFACE of the FOOT INWARD TOWARD the MIDLINE
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| MUSCLE ACTION DORSIFLEXION AND PLANTAR FLEXION | DORSIFLEXION-MOVEMENT of the DORSAL SURFACE of the FOOT POSTERIORLY;(Weight is on the heel)
PLANTAR FLEXION-MOVEMENT of the PLANTAR SURFACE of the FOOT POSTERIORLY (WEIGHT is on the toes)
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| MUSCLE ACTION OPPOSITION | OPPOSITION-THE MOVEMENT of the thumb across the PALM to TOUCH the TIPS of the FINGERS
An EXTREMELY IMPORTANT MOVEMENT developed by HUMANS AND OTHER PRIMATES
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