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Anatomy & Phys
Study Guide Chapter 9 Joints
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| JOINTS ARE | The place where two or more bones meet which are called ARTICULATION |
| FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS | Are based on the degree of MOVEMENT they permit, they can be IMMOVABLE, SLIGHTLY MOVABLE OR FREELY MOVEABLE |
| Three types of JOINTS are | SYNARTHROSIS--The Articulating bones are COMPLETELY IMMOVABLE OR FIXED JOINTS AMPHIARTHROSIS--A SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE joint DIARTHROSIS--A FREELY MOVABLE joint |
| EXAMPLES of SYNARTHROSIS JOINTS ARE | SUTURES(All joints in the SKULL except TMI-Temporal Mandibular Joints) JOINTS between the FIRST RIB and the STERNUM EPIPHYSEAL PLATE of the growing bones |
| EXAMPLES of DIARTHROSIS JOINTS ARE | SHOULDER JOINT ELBOW JOINT HIP JOINT KNEE JOINT CARPAL JOINT MANY, MANY OTHERS |
| EXAMPLES of AMPHIARTHROSIS | INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS PUBIC SYMPHYSIS DENTOALVEOLAR JOINT |
| SYNOVIAL JOINTS have certain CHARACTERISTICS that distinguish them from OTHER JOINTS | The UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS of a SYNOVIAL JOINT is the presence of a space called a SYNOVIAL CAVITY which contains FLUIDS that separates the articulating bones Outside the SYNOVIAL CAVITY are ARTICULATING BONES that are connected by a DENSE CONNECTIVE CAPSULE The bones of a Synovial Joint are covered by a LAYER of HYALINE CARTILAGE called ARTICULAR CARTILAGE that covers the articulating surface of each bone. All synovial joints are DIARTHROSIS-FREELY MOVABLE |
| DETAILS of a SYNOVIAL JOINTS | The FIBROUS CAPSULE contains DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE that attaches to the articulate bones. The LIGAMENTS are formed by BUNDLES of CONNECTIVE TISSUES and holds the bones together. |
| DETAILS of a SYNOVIAL JOINTS | The SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE secretes SYNOVIAL FLUID which is a PALE YELLOW FLUID |
| DETAILS of a SYNOVIAL JOINTS | The SYNOVIAL CAVITY contains SYNOVIAL FLUID |
| DETAILS of a SYNOVIAL JOINTS | ARTICULAR CARTILAGE is a SMOOTH WHITE TISSUE that covers the ENDS OF THE BONE they come together to form the JOINT |
| DETAILS of a SYNOVIAL JOINTS | HYALINE CARTILAGE provides a smooth surface enabling tissues to MOVE/SLIDE over each other. |
| SYNOVIAL FLUID CHARACTERISTICS | SYNOVIAL FLUID is a VISCOUS , CLEAR OR PALE YELLOW FLUID that has the appearance of an uncooked egg white |
| FUNCTIONS OF THE SYNOVIAL FLUID | LUBRICATES and PROVIDES SHOCK ABSORPTION for the JOINT |
| FUNCTIONS OF THE SYNOVIAL FLUID | Distributes OXYGEN and NUTRIENTS to the ARTICULAR CARTILAGE and REMOVES METABOLIC WASTES |
| FUNCTIONS OF THE SYNOVIAL FLUID | Contains PHAGOCYTES to remove DEBRIS and MICROBES |
| JOINT MOVEMENT ARE CAUSED BY | The MOVEMENT of MUSCLES |
| JOINT MOVEMENT ORIGIN | Are the FIXED BONY ATTACHMENT |
| JOINT MOVEMENT INSERTION | Are the BONY ATTACHMENT that MOVES when the MUSCLE CONTRACTS |
| JOINT MOVEMENT ACTION | Are the JOINT MOVEMENT occurring when the MUSCLE CONTRACTS |
| MUSCLE ACTIONS (FLEXION/EXTENSION/HYPEREXTENSION | FLEXION-DECREASING the ANGLE of a JOINT or moving a body part ANTERIORLY EXTENSION-INCREASING the ANGLE of a joint or moving a body part POSTERIORLY HYPEREXTENSION-EXCESSIVE EXTENSION |
| MUSCLE ACTIONS ABDUCTION AND ADDUCTION | ABDUCTION-MOVING a body part AWAY from a MIDLINE ADDUCTION-MOVING a body part TOWARD A MIDLINE |
| MUSCLE ACTIONS CIRCUMDUCTION | CIRCUMDUCTION-MOVING a body part in a 360 degree angle |
| MUSCLE ACTIONS ROTATION | ROTATION-MOVEMENT of a body part ALONG ITS OWN LONGITUDINAL AXIS |
| MUSCLE ACTIONS ELEVATION AND DEPRESSION | ELEVATION-MOVEMENT of a body part SUPERIORLY DEPRESSION-MOVEMENT of a body part inferiorly DESCRIBES the MOVEMENT of the MANDIBLE and SHOULDERS |
| MUSCLE ACTIONS PROTRACTION AND RETRACTION | PROTRACTION-MOVEMENT of the MANDIBLE RETRACTION-MOVEMENT of the MANDIBLE POSTERIORLY |
| MUSCLE ACTION PRONATION AND SUPINATION | PRONATION- MEDIAL ROTATION of the FOREARM that directs the PALMAR SURFACE of the HAND POSTERIORLY SUPINATION-LATERAL ROTATION of the FOREARM that directs the PALMAR SURFACE to the HAND ANTERIORLY |
| MUSCLE ACTION INVERSION AND EVERSION | INVERSION-MOVEMENT of the PLANTAR SURFACE of the FOOT INWARD TOWARD the MIDLINE EVERSION-MOVEMENT OF THE PLANTAR SURFACE of the FOOT INWARD TOWARD the MIDLINE |
| MUSCLE ACTION DORSIFLEXION AND PLANTAR FLEXION | DORSIFLEXION-MOVEMENT of the DORSAL SURFACE of the FOOT POSTERIORLY;(Weight is on the heel) PLANTAR FLEXION-MOVEMENT of the PLANTAR SURFACE of the FOOT POSTERIORLY (WEIGHT is on the toes) |
| MUSCLE ACTION OPPOSITION | OPPOSITION-THE MOVEMENT of the thumb across the PALM to TOUCH the TIPS of the FINGERS An EXTREMELY IMPORTANT MOVEMENT developed by HUMANS AND OTHER PRIMATES |
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rbissoon29
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