Study materials for the immune system unit
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| What is the purpose of the immune system? | to protect against infectious germs and microorganisms
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| What does immunity refer to? | The body's capacity to resist invading organisms and toxins, preventing organ and tissue damage
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| Name four antigens (infectious agents) | bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites
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| What are the defense system's cells called? | leukocytes
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| What is the function of leukocytes? | seek out and destroy the organism or substance that cause disease/illness
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| How does the immune system transport white cells (leukocytes) to the site of infection? | through the bloodstream
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| Where are leukocytes stored in the body? | in the lymphoid organs
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| Name three lymphoid organs | thymus, spleen, bone marrow
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| How do leukocytes circulate through the body between the organs and nodes? | lymphatic vessels and blood vessels
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| What are the two basic types of leukocytes? | phagocytes and lymphocytes
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| What are phagocytes? | cells that destroy invading organisms
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| What are lymphocytes? | cells that allow the body to remember and recognize previous invaders and help the body destroy them
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| What is a common phagocyte that primarily fights bacteria? | neutrophil
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| Name the two types of lymphocytes | B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes
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| What is an antigen? | a foreign substance that invades the body
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| What are antibodies? | specialized proteins that lock onto specific antigens
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| What produces antibodies? | B lymphocytes
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| How do immunizations work? | They introduce an antigen to the body without causing illness; however, the body is able to produce antibodies that will protect against future attack of that antigen
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| What are T cells responsible for? | destroying antigens that have been identified as harmful
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| What is complement? | a system of proteins that assist in killing bacteria, viruses, or infected cells
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| Name the three types of immunity | Innate, adaptive, and passive
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| What is innate immunity? | "natural" immunity, a type of general protection that humans are born with. Includes external barriers like skin and mucous membranes.
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| What is adaptive immunity? | "active" immunity. It develops throughout our lives as we are exposed to more diseases and produce more antibodies against them.
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| What is passive immunity? | immunity that is borrowed from another source and is temporary, like a mother's breast milk.
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| What are the four main categories of disorders of the immune system? | immunodeficiency, autoimmune, allergic, and cancers of the immune system
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| What is immunodeficiency disorder? | when a part of the immune system is not present or is not working properly
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| Name some immunodeficiency disorders | IgA deficiency (primary, meaning you're born with it), HIV/AIDS (acquired, meaning you get it after an infection or as a drug side-effect)
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| What is autoimmune disorder? | the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's healthy organs and tissues as though they were foreign invaders
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| Name some autoimmune disorders | lupus, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
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| What is allergic disorder? | the immune system overreacts to exposure to antigens in the environment (called allergens)
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| Name some allergic disorders | asthma, eczema, food and seasonal allergies, dust mite allergy, bee sting allergy
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| What is cancer of the immune system? | immune cells grow out of control
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| What is lymphoma? | overgrowth of the lymphoid tissues, a common childhood cancer
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| What is leukemia? | abnormal growth of leukocytes, the most common childhood cancer
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| What is the thymus? | In fetuses and infants, it's a two-lobed mass of lymphoid tissue that's located over the base of the heart. It helps form T-lymphocytes for several months after birth, then loses function and undergoes atrophy.
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| What is the spleen? | an organ that filters and removes bacteria and other foreign substances from the bloodstream. Stores blood and 20-30% of platelets.
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| What is bone marrow? | vascular tissue that fills most bone cavities; contains stem cells which can develop into different types of cells. Crucial for blood cell formation and maturation.
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