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AH 112: Immunity
Study materials for the immune system unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the purpose of the immune system? | to protect against infectious germs and microorganisms |
| What does immunity refer to? | The body's capacity to resist invading organisms and toxins, preventing organ and tissue damage |
| Name four antigens (infectious agents) | bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites |
| What are the defense system's cells called? | leukocytes |
| What is the function of leukocytes? | seek out and destroy the organism or substance that cause disease/illness |
| How does the immune system transport white cells (leukocytes) to the site of infection? | through the bloodstream |
| Where are leukocytes stored in the body? | in the lymphoid organs |
| Name three lymphoid organs | thymus, spleen, bone marrow |
| How do leukocytes circulate through the body between the organs and nodes? | lymphatic vessels and blood vessels |
| What are the two basic types of leukocytes? | phagocytes and lymphocytes |
| What are phagocytes? | cells that destroy invading organisms |
| What are lymphocytes? | cells that allow the body to remember and recognize previous invaders and help the body destroy them |
| What is a common phagocyte that primarily fights bacteria? | neutrophil |
| Name the two types of lymphocytes | B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes |
| What is an antigen? | a foreign substance that invades the body |
| What are antibodies? | specialized proteins that lock onto specific antigens |
| What produces antibodies? | B lymphocytes |
| How do immunizations work? | They introduce an antigen to the body without causing illness; however, the body is able to produce antibodies that will protect against future attack of that antigen |
| What are T cells responsible for? | destroying antigens that have been identified as harmful |
| What is complement? | a system of proteins that assist in killing bacteria, viruses, or infected cells |
| Name the three types of immunity | Innate, adaptive, and passive |
| What is innate immunity? | "natural" immunity, a type of general protection that humans are born with. Includes external barriers like skin and mucous membranes. |
| What is adaptive immunity? | "active" immunity. It develops throughout our lives as we are exposed to more diseases and produce more antibodies against them. |
| What is passive immunity? | immunity that is borrowed from another source and is temporary, like a mother's breast milk. |
| What are the four main categories of disorders of the immune system? | immunodeficiency, autoimmune, allergic, and cancers of the immune system |
| What is immunodeficiency disorder? | when a part of the immune system is not present or is not working properly |
| Name some immunodeficiency disorders | IgA deficiency (primary, meaning you're born with it), HIV/AIDS (acquired, meaning you get it after an infection or as a drug side-effect) |
| What is autoimmune disorder? | the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's healthy organs and tissues as though they were foreign invaders |
| Name some autoimmune disorders | lupus, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis |
| What is allergic disorder? | the immune system overreacts to exposure to antigens in the environment (called allergens) |
| Name some allergic disorders | asthma, eczema, food and seasonal allergies, dust mite allergy, bee sting allergy |
| What is cancer of the immune system? | immune cells grow out of control |
| What is lymphoma? | overgrowth of the lymphoid tissues, a common childhood cancer |
| What is leukemia? | abnormal growth of leukocytes, the most common childhood cancer |
| What is the thymus? | In fetuses and infants, it's a two-lobed mass of lymphoid tissue that's located over the base of the heart. It helps form T-lymphocytes for several months after birth, then loses function and undergoes atrophy. |
| What is the spleen? | an organ that filters and removes bacteria and other foreign substances from the bloodstream. Stores blood and 20-30% of platelets. |
| What is bone marrow? | vascular tissue that fills most bone cavities; contains stem cells which can develop into different types of cells. Crucial for blood cell formation and maturation. |
Created by:
LCC
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