Ancient Greece
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| peninsula | a piece of land nearly surrounded by water
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| bard | someone who writes or performs epic poems or stories about heroes and their deeds
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| colony | a group of people living in a new territory with close ties to their homeland; the new territory itself
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| polis | a Greek city-state
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| agora | a gathering place or marketplace in ancient Greece
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| phalanx | a group of armed foot soldiers in ancient Greece arranged close together in rows
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| tyrant | an absolute ruler unrestrained by law
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| oligarchy | a government in which a small group has control
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| democracy | a government by the people
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| helots | enslaved people in ancient Sparta
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| ephor | a high ranking government official in Sparta who was elected by the council of elders
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| satrapy | a province in ancient Persia
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| satrap | the governor of a province in ancient Persia
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| Zoroastrianism | a Persian religion based on the belief in one god and founded by the religous teacher Zoraster
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| direct democracy | a form of democracy in which all citizens can participate firsthand in the decision making process
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| representative democracy | a form of democracy in which citizens elect officials to govern on their behalf
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| philosopher | a person who searches for wisdom or enlightenment
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| Minoans | earliest civilization in the vicinity of Greece; lived on the Island of Crete; palace as Knossos is a major architectural ruin; culture suddenly died out
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| Mycenaeans | lived on the mainland of Greece; constructed fortress city of Mycenae; though to be the Greeks who fought at Troy; the culture ended with the Dark Ages
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| The Dark Ages in Greek history | period where all advancement stopped; Dorians invaded; famine due to food shortages; political centralization vanished
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| city-state | the city and all the land around it that was controlled by that city; comes from the word polis; early ones were built on hill tops called acropolis
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| barbarians | term used by Greeks to refer to all people who were not Greeks
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| Greco-Persian War | serious of conflicts due to Persoa wanting to defeat and control the Greeks
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| Battle of Salamis | naval battle betweek the Athenian Navy and the Persian Navy; Persians were defeated; caused Xerxes to return to Persia leaving 1/3 of his army to fight the Greeks; the Persians were defeated
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| monarchy | rule by one; chosed king because your father was king
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| aristocracy | rule by the best; group of aristocrats believed themselves to be the best suited for ruling
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| oligarchy | rule by a few rather than one or many; king was removed by this group and a committee was formed to rule
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| tyranny | bad form of one man rule; imposed by one man that rose to power by the discontent of the lower classes; rules for his best interest alone; promises to help the lower classes and then forgets about them after he seizes power
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| Athens | city-state that introduced the concept of democracy; very open society; one of the most powerful city states
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| Pericles | ruler of Athens that introduced Democracy at its fullest extent during his time
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| Sparta | city-state that did not progress beyong Oligarchy; felt like an armed military camp; strangers were not welcomed in Sparta; military presence was so strong because they feared a revolt by the helots
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| Socrates | questioned what was right or wrong; looked for answers through logical analysis; developed a method of asking questions to lead students to find answers to their questions inside of themselves
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| Plato | student of Socrates; believed people could be split between three classes - workers who would produce the necessitites of life, the warriors to guard the state from its enemies, and philosophers who would rule in the best interest of the people
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| Aristotle | student of Plato; first great Greek scientist; believe the analysis of data would furnish answers to all questions
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| Greek Alphabet | alphabet adopted from Phoenicians who created an alphabet but did not include vowels; Greeks took the alphabet and added vowels
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| Homer | a blind bard that wrote epic poems that used the gods and gave the qualities of a hero
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| Illiad | epic poem that told of the Trojan War
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| Odyssey | epic poem that told of the return of Odysseus or Ulysses (the hero) home after the war
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| What was the purpose of the myths? | to explain things that man had no explanation for
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| Zeus | head of the Greek gods
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| Poseidon | brother of Zeus; god of the oceans and seas
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| Macedonia | kingdom north of Greece; Macedonians considered themselves to be Greeks but the Greeks did not accept them
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| Philip II | King of Macedonia; conquered a portion of Greece; did not punish the Greeks as he wanted them to be loyal to him; poisoned so his son could become King
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| Alexander the Great | never lost a battle; conquered the known world around the Mediterranean; spread Greek culture; tried to invade India but soldiers wanted to return home; he returned to his capital of Babylon and died
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| Hellenistic Age | 200 year period after the death of Alexander; ended with the domination of Rome
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| What happened to Alexander's empire after his death? | It was divided betweek his top 4 generals
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| How did Alexander spread the Greek culture? | Greek became the language of the world; spread Greek architecture by founding 16 cities named Alexandra; the most famous one was located in Egypt; spread Greek philosophies and alphabet
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| physical geography of Greece | located on the Balkan peninsula; stretched into the Mediterranean Sea; mountainous terrain
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| How did the geography of Greece present a unified country of Greece? | due to the mountainous terrain; transportation and communication was extremely hard in this terrain; thus, Greece was a region made up of numerous city-states
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Created by:
megansparks
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