Chp 6-Cardiovascular
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| aorta | Largest artery of the body; vessel through which oxygenated blood exits the heart
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| Arteriole | A tiny artery connecting to a capillary
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| Artery | A thick-walled blood vessel that, in systemic circulation, carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
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| Atrioventricular bundle | bundle of fibers in the interventricular septum that transfers charges in the hearts conduction system; also called the bundle of His
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| Atrium | Either of the two upper chambers of the heart
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| blood | essential fluid made up of plasma and other elements that circulates throughout the body; delivers nutrients to and removes waste from the body's cells
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| blood pressure | measure of the force of blood surging against the walls of the arteries
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| bundle of His | same as atrioventricular bundle
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| capillary | the smallest blood vessel that forms the exchange point between the arterial and venous vessels
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| carbon dioxide | waste material transported in the venous blood
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| carotid artery | artery that transports oxygenated blood to the head and neck
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| diastole | Relaxation phase of a heartbeat
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| Ductus arteriosus | Structure in the fetal circulatory system through which blood flows to bypass the fetus's nonfunctioning lungs
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| endocardium | membranous lining of the chambers and valves of the heart; the innermost layer of heart tissue
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| femoral artery | an artery that supplies blood to the thigh
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| heart | muscular organ that receives blood from the veins and sends it into the arteries
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| inferior vena cava | large vein that draws blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium
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| left atrium | upper left heart chamber
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| left ventricle | lower left heart chamber
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| myocardium | muscular layer of heart tissue between the epicardium and the endocardium
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| popliteal artery | an artery that supplies blood to the cells of the area behind the knee
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| pulmonary artery | one of two arteries that carry blood that is low in oxygen from the heart to the lungs
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| Purkine fibers | specialized fibers that conduct the charge
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| pulmonary vein | one of four veins that bring oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
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| pulse | rhythmic expansion and contraction of a blood vessel, usually an artery
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| right atrium | upper right chamber of the heart
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| right ventricle | lower right chamber of the heart
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| septum | partition between the left and right chambers of the heart
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| sinus rhythm | normal heart rhythm
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| superior vena cava | large vein that transports blood collected from the upper part of the body to the heart
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| systole | contraction phase of the heartbeat
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| ventricle | either of the two lower chambers of the heart
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| angi(o) | blood vessel
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| aort(o) | aorta
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| arteri(o) | artery
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| ather(o) | fatty matter
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| atri(o) | atrium
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| cardi(o) | heart
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| phleb(o) | vein
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| Ven(o) | vein
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| aden(o) | gland
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| ech(o) | sound
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| hem(o) | blood
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| electr(o) | electric
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| AMI | acute myocardial infarction
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| AV | atrioventricular
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| BP | blood pressure
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| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft
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| CAD | coronary artery disease
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| CHD | coronary heart disease
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| CHF | congestive heart failure
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| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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| CVA | cerebrovascular accident
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| CVD | cardiovascular disease
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| DSA | digital subtraction angiography
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| DVT | deep venous thrombosis
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| arteriography | viewing of a specific artery by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium
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| auscultation | process of listening to body sounds via a stethoscope
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| cholesterol | fatty substance present in animal fats; cholesterol circulates in the bloodstream , sometimes causing arterial plaque to form
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| doppler ultrasound | ultrasound test of blood flow in certain blood vessels
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| echocardiography | use of sound waves to produce images showing the stucture and motion of the heart
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| holter monitor | portable device that provides a 24 hour electrocardiogram
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| phlebography | viewing of a vein by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium
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| sonography | production of images based on the echoes of sound waves against structures
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| sphygmomanometer | device for measuring blood pressure
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| stress test | test that measures heart rate, blood pressure, and other body functions while the patient is exercising on a treadmill
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| aneurysm | ballooning of the artery wall caused by weakness in the wall
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| angina pectoris | chest pain, usually caused by a lowered oxygen or blood supply to the heart
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| aortic regurgitation | backward flow or leakage of blood through a faulty aortic valve
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| arrhythmia | irregularity in the rhythm of the heartbeat
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| asystole | cardiac arrest
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| atheroma | a fatty deposit (plaque) in the wall of an artery
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| bradycardia | heart rate of fewer than 60 beats per minute
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| cardiac arrest | sudden stopping of the heart; also called asystole
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| claudication | limping caused by inadequate blood supply during activity; usually subsides during rest
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| congestive heart failure | inability of the heart to pump enough blood out during the cardiac cycle; collection of fluid in the lungs results
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| coronary artery disease | condition that reduces the flow of blood and nutrients through the arteries of the heart
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| cyanosis | bluish or purplish coloration, as of the skin, caused by inadequate oxygenation of the blood.
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| deep vein thrombosis | formation of a thrombus (clot) in a deep vein, such as a femoral vein
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| dysrhythmia | abnormal heart rhythm
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| fibrillation | random, chaotic, irregualr heart rhythm
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| flutter | regular but very rapid heartbeat
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| gallop | triple sound of a heartbeat, usually indicative of serious heart disease
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| hemorrhoids | varicose condition of veins in the anal region
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| hypertension | chronic condition with blood pressure greater than 140/90
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| hypotension | chronic condition with blood pressure below normal
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| infarct | area of necrosis caused by a sudden drop in the supply of arerial or venous blood
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| ischemia | localized blood insufficiency caused by an obstruction
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| mitral stenosis | abnormal narrowing at the opening of the mitral valve
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| murmur | soft heart humming sound heard between normal beats
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| myocardial infarction | sudden drop in the supply of blood to an area of the heart muscle, usually due to a blockage in a coronary artery
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| occlusion | the closing of a blood vessel
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| perfusion deficit | lack of flow through a blood vessel, usually caused by an occlusion
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| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein
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| pulmonary edema | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs
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| rub | frictional sound heard between heartbeats, usually indicating a percardial murmur
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| tachycardia | heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute
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| thrombus | stationary blood clot in the cardiovascular system, usually formed from matter found in the blood
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| varicose | dilated, enlarged, or twisted wein, usually on the leg
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| angioplasty | opening of a blocked blood vessel, as by balloon dilation
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| arteriotomy | surgical incision into an artery, especially to remove a clot
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| balloon catheter dilation | insertion of a balloon catheter into a blood vessel to open the passage so blood can flow freely
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| bypass | a structure (usually a vein graft) that creates a new passage for blood to flow from one artery to another artery or port of an artery; used to create a detour around blockages in arteries
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| embolectomy | surgical removal of an embolus
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| endarterectomy | surgical removal of the diseased portion of teh lining of an artery
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| graft | any tissue or organ implanted to replace or mend damaged areas
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| stent | surgically implanted device used to hold something (as a blood vessel) open
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| thrombectomy | surgical removal of a thrombus
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| venipuncture | small puncture into a vein, usually to draw blood or inject a solution
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| antianginal | agent used to relieve or prevent attacks of angina
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| antiarrhythmic | agent used to help normalize cardiac rhythm
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| anticoagulant | agent that prevents the formation of dangerous clots
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| antihypertensive | agent that helps control high blood pressure
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| beta blocker | agent that lowers blood pressure by reducing contraction strength of the heart muscle; slows heartbeat
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| diuretic | medication that promotes the excretion fo urine
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| thrombolytic | agent that dissolves a thrombus
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| vasoconstrictor | agent that narrows the blood vessel
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| vasodilator | agent that dilates or widens the blood vessels
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