female reprod. system
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| Mons Pubis | Fatty tissue that cushions and covers the symphysis pubis.
Covered with a triangular pattern of hair after puberty
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| Labia Major | 2 folds of fatty tissue on either side of the vagina.
Extends from the mons pubis to the perineum.
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| Labia Minora | 2 thins folds of skin located within the folds of the labia majora.
Extends from the clitoris towards the perineum.
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| Fourchette | Posterior, oval shape between the labia minora.
Contains : Urinary meatus, Vaginal opening, and Bartholins glands.
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| Bartholins glands | Located on either side of vaginal opening. Secretes necessary substance that lubricates the vagina.
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| Clitoris | Short, elongated, organ composed of erectile tissue.
Located in upper area of Labia Minora.
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| Vaginal Orifice (Vaginal Introitus) | Located in the lower part of the fourchette (vestibule).
Below the urinary meatus.
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| Hymen | Cherry!
The layer of connective tissue (membrane) that forms a
boarder around the outer opening of the vagina.
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| Perineum | Area of skin between the vaginal orifice and the anus.
Made up of muscular and fibrous tissue to support the organs in the pelvis
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| Urinary meatus | Not part of the reproductive system.
Is located just above the vaginal orifice.
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| Vagina | Muscular tube that connects the uterus to the vulva.
Approximately 3 in. long.
lined with stretchable folds (rugae)
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| Functions of Vagina | Birth canal, female organ of Coitus ( sexual intercourse), passageway for menstrual flow
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| Rugae | Allows the vagina to expand during child birth.
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| Uterus | Small, pear shaped hollow organ.
Houses fertilized ovum during pregnancy
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| Ovum/Ova | Eggs
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| 3 Portions of Uterus | Fundus, Body, Cervix
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| Fundus | Dome- shaped portion along the TOP of the uterus.
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| Body | Wider, central portion
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| Cervix | Narrower; neck-like portion @ the bottom of the uterus.
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| Wall of Uterus (3 layers) | Perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
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| Perimetrium | Outer most layer
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| Myometrium | Middle muscular layer
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| Endometrium | Inner layer; highly vascular.
The layer that builds up every month in anticipation of a fertalized ovum.
Lining sheds during menses when fertilization doesn't occur.
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| Fallopian Tubes | passageway for ovum from ovary to uterus.
2 tubules
approx. 5 inches long.
lined w/ cilia to propel ovum forward.
open end of tube have FIMBRIAE.
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| Fimbriae | fingerlike projects.
draw the ovum in.
Once the ovum have entered the fallopian tube it takes approx. 5 days to read the uterus.
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| ovaries | Female gonads.
almond shaped organs that are held in place by ligaments near the fimbriae of the fallopian tubes
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| what are ovaries responsible for? | Producing mature Ova (eggs) and releasing them monthly (ovulation)
Produce estrogen.
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| how many ova are females born with? | Born with 700,000 ova.
All the ova for our lifetime.
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| how many ovum are mature in our lifetime? | approximately 400 ova mature, having the ability to fertilize during a woman's reproductive years (30-35years)
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| Breasts | The mammory glands that are NOT part of the reproductive system.
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| what are breasts responsible for? | Lactation ( the production of milk)
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| what are breasts composed of? | Glandular tissue, adipose ( fatty) tissueC fibrous connective tissue.
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| what are the parts of the breasts? | Nipple, Areola , Glandular tissue, Lactiferous glands
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| Define Nipple | located in the center consisting of erectile tissue that is activated when stimulated
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| Define Areola | Darken pigmented area surrounding nipple
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| What causes the rough appearance on the areola? | sebacious glands called -- Montgomery's Tubules
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| Why do we have montgomery's tubules (glands)? | They are only active during pregnancy and lactation. They produce a waxy substance to keep nips soft and prevent drying and cracking during breastfeeding.
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| Define Glandular tissue? | Radiates outward around the nipple.
15-20 glandular lobes responsible for producing breast milk.
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| what do Lactiferous glands do? | Allows milk to travel through passageways (glands) and brings the milk to the nipple.
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| When does the menstruation cycle begin ? | Occurs with puberty, usually 1st menses is approximately 11-15years old. As early as 9 years old.
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| steps of the menses cycle | 1. every month the endometrial lining prepares for an egg. 2. When it doesnt occur, the lining is shed and it flows from the body.
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| How long is an average cycle? | every 28 days (q28 days) but can vary betwen 21-35 days
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| When does ovulation occur? | midway through cycle, approximately 14 days after 1st day of LMP
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| LMP | last menstrual period
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| How long is the bleeding period? | varys between 3 - 8 days
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| How long does an average woman have a menstrual cycle for? | Approximately 35 years up until menopause occurs
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| When does menopause occur? | Approximately 52 years old, but can happen anytime after 40 years old.
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| How long must you wait to be diagnosed with menopause? | after 12 consecutive months of not getting your menses.
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| What causes menopause? | Ovulation and estrogen production stops.
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| Define amennorrhea | Absence of flow
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| Define Dysmenorrhea | Painful flow
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| AUB - Abnormal Uterine Bleeding | Refers to: abnormal flow(heavy), excessive length of days bleeding (+8days), spotting between period cycles, menses occurring sooner than q21 days
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| What does AUB replace? | Metrorrhagia and menorrhagia
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| Define cervicitis | Acute or chronic inflammation of the cervix
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| What causes cervicitis? | Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, Haemophilus vaginalis, chlamydia.
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| Signs and symptoms of cervicitis | 1. Thick, foul smelling discharge. 2. Pelvic pain. 3. Scant bleeding post intercourse. 4. Itching/bleeding external genitalia
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| Definition of cystocele | Hemiation or downward protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina
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| Define endometriosis | Presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus
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| How is endometriosis diagnosed | Diagnosed through lapriscopicsurgery
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| Endometriosis treatment | Symptomatic . (Hysterectomy)
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| Prenatal | Care of the pregnant patient
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| Pregnancy | The ovum is fertilized by sperm in Fallopian tube and implants in the wall of the uterus.
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| Where does fertilization occur? | The outer third of the fallopian tube
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| Define zygote | Fertilized ovum
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| Embryo | First 2-8weeks
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| Fetus | From Eight weeks till delivery
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| Term pregnancy | 37-42 weeks
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| What are two accessory structures that also develope? | Amniotic sac and placenta
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| What's an amniotic sac | Thin walled, membranous sac that envelops and protects fetus
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| What's chorion | Outer layer of sac
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| What's amnion | Inner layer of sac
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| What's amniotic fluid | Fills the sac and cushions and protects the fetus
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| What does the placenta provide | Respiration, nutrition, and excretion for the fetus
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| What pregnancy hormones does the placenta produce | HCG ( Human Chorionic Gonadotropin), estrogen, progesterone, HPL ( Human Placental Lactogen)
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| Umbilical cord | Arises from the center of the placenta and attaches to the umbilicus of the fetus. AKA ; LIFE LINE.
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| What does the umbilical cord transport | Nutrients and waste products, oxygen and nutrients are also transferred from mother to baby across the placental membrane (barrier)
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| Physical changes during pregnancy | Amenorrhea, uterus changes, cervix, vagina, breasts, urination, skin , weight
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| What's changes in your uterus? | Increases in size, from 2 oz to 21 lbs
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| What happens to your cervix? | Changes in color and consistency
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| What happens to your vagina? | Changes in colors, increased vaginal discharge called leukorrhea.
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| What happens to your breasts during pregnancy? | Increase in size, change in shape, areola darkens, montgomerys glands activate.
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| What changes in your urination during pregnancy? | Increased frequency in 1st trimester and again in third trimester
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| What happens to your skin during pregnancy ? | Increased warmth& sweating, increase in pigmentation on forehead, cheeks, and bridge of nose, darkened ventricle line down center of abdomen
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| What is chloasma? | "Mask of pregnancy" , increased pigmentation changes on forehead, cheeks and bridge of nose.
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| What is linea negra? | Darkened ventricle line down center of abdomen
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| What changes in your weight during pregnancy? | Average weight gain of 25-30lbs
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| How do you find your EDD ( estimated due date)? |
LMP+7 days - 3 months +1 year
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| what are signs and symptoms of labor | Braxton hicks( false labor) , bloody show, lightening
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| What is Braxton hicks | Irregular contractions that may occur throughout pregnancy and more frequently towards the end.
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| What is bloody show? | Vaginal discharge mixed with blood, may occur a few weeks before labor.
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| What is lightening? | When the baby drops relieving pressure on the diaphragm, the mom can breathe easier.
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| During false labor contractions are... | Irregular, short and infrequent with lower intensity
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| During false labor discomfort is felt in the... | Abdomen and groin
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| During false labor walking... | Relieves and decreases contractions s
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| During false labor effacement/dilation... | Does not occur
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| During true labor contractions are.. | Regular, more frequent, higher intensity, higher duration
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| During true labor discomfort is felt in.. | Lower back, and radiates towards lower abdomen. Feels like intense cramps
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| During true labor walking... | Strengthens and increases contractions
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| During true labor effacement/dilation occurs within.. | The cervix progressively effaced (thins) and dilates ( enlarges)
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| Abortion | Termination of pregnancy before fetus is of viable age
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| Spontaneous abortion | Miscarriage
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| Ectopic pregnancy | Pregnancy outside the uterus, usually occurring within the Fallopian tube.
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| Abruptio placenta | Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall
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| Hyperemeis gravidarium | Severe vomiting resulting in dehydration and weight loss
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| Gestational diabetes | Diabetes of pregnancy
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| GTT | Glucose tolerance test
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| What does the gtt do? | Scenes for diabetes; usually done approximately 24-28 weeks gestation
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| HELLP SYNDROME | Can develop as a result of pre-eclampsia or eclampsia.
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| H | Hemolysis of RBC's
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| EL | Increased Liver Enzymes
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| LP | Low platelet count
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| Placenta Previa | The placenta attaches very low in the uterus and covers all or part of the cervix
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