Immune System
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| Immunity | Ability to resist harmful microbes
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| Non-specific components | Act as barriers or eliminators of pathogens
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| Pathogen specific immunity | Components of immune system that adapt themselves to each new disease
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| Innate (non-specific) immunity | Born with eg cough, enzymes in tears and skin oils, mucus, stomach acid
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| Acquired immunity | Developed with exposure to specific antigens
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| Antigen (Ag) | Any substance (foreign to body) than evokes immune response.Proteins found on the surface of the pathogen. Unique to pathogen.
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| Antigen-presenting cells (ACPs) | Mediate the immune response by processing and presenting antigens for recognition for certain immune cells. Include Dendritic cells and macrophages.
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| Latent period | Interval between exposure to an infectious organism or a carcinogen and the clinical appearance of disease
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| Lymphocyte B | Lymphocyte B cells produce antibodies that attach to antigens and make it easier for immune cells to destroy them.
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| T Cells | Lymphocyte T cells attack antigens directly and help control the immune response.
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| Cytokines | Released by T cells which control entire immune response
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| Passive immunity | Due to antibodies produced in a body other than your own.
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| Immune system "memory" | activated B and sensitized T cells. Allows body to react quickly to future exposures
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| Histamines | Released by cells damaged by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, etc.
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| Phagocytes | Are attracted by histamines. Eat and present antigens to helper T cells
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| Pus | Collection of dead tissue, dead bacteria and live and dead phagocytes
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| Allergy | Exaggerated immune response
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| Anaphylaxis | Severe whole body reaction to an allergen
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| Tonsil | Oval mass of lymphoid tissue on each side of the throat
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| Spleen | Largest lymphoid structure. Recycles blood cells and reservoir for blood.
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| Thymus | Aids in the production of T cells
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| Lymph Nodes | Traps for foreign materials contain white blood cells
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| Kidneys | Filter blood
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| Electrolytes | Essential minerals for fluid balance
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| Nephrons | Microscopic blood filters found in kidneys
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| Renal | Refers to kidney
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| Ureters | Carry fluid from the renal pelvis to the bladder. Made of smooth muscle fibres
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| Urethra | Connects urinary bladder to external opening
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| Cystoscopy | (Cyst means bladder) Allows doctor to look inside urethra and bladder
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| Urologists | Focus on kidneys and urinary tract
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| Nephrologists | Focus on disorders of the kidneys and prescribe nonsurgical interventions
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| Nephrolithiasis | (Lithos means stone) Kidney stones
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| Calculi | Stones
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| Vesical | Refers to bladder
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| Intravesical | Inside the bladder
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| Infravesical | Below the bladder
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| Hydronephrosis | Kidney distends because flow of urine is obstructed.
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| Renal failure (acute) | Sudden worsening of kidney function
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| Renal failure (chronic) | Permanent or partial loss of kidney function. Diabetes and high blood pressure are most common causes.
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| Dialysis | (Dia- means through) Process for removing waste and excess water from the blood for people with kidney failure
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| Antibodies | Antibodies attach to a specific antigen and make it easier for immune cells to destroy the antigen.
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| Pathogen | Anything that causes a disease.
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| Histamine | Chemical released by damaged cells
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