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Immune System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Immunity | Ability to resist harmful microbes |
| Non-specific components | Act as barriers or eliminators of pathogens |
| Pathogen specific immunity | Components of immune system that adapt themselves to each new disease |
| Innate (non-specific) immunity | Born with eg cough, enzymes in tears and skin oils, mucus, stomach acid |
| Acquired immunity | Developed with exposure to specific antigens |
| Antigen (Ag) | Any substance (foreign to body) than evokes immune response.Proteins found on the surface of the pathogen. Unique to pathogen. |
| Antigen-presenting cells (ACPs) | Mediate the immune response by processing and presenting antigens for recognition for certain immune cells. Include Dendritic cells and macrophages. |
| Latent period | Interval between exposure to an infectious organism or a carcinogen and the clinical appearance of disease |
| Lymphocyte B | Lymphocyte B cells produce antibodies that attach to antigens and make it easier for immune cells to destroy them. |
| T Cells | Lymphocyte T cells attack antigens directly and help control the immune response. |
| Cytokines | Released by T cells which control entire immune response |
| Passive immunity | Due to antibodies produced in a body other than your own. |
| Immune system "memory" | activated B and sensitized T cells. Allows body to react quickly to future exposures |
| Histamines | Released by cells damaged by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, etc. |
| Phagocytes | Are attracted by histamines. Eat and present antigens to helper T cells |
| Pus | Collection of dead tissue, dead bacteria and live and dead phagocytes |
| Allergy | Exaggerated immune response |
| Anaphylaxis | Severe whole body reaction to an allergen |
| Tonsil | Oval mass of lymphoid tissue on each side of the throat |
| Spleen | Largest lymphoid structure. Recycles blood cells and reservoir for blood. |
| Thymus | Aids in the production of T cells |
| Lymph Nodes | Traps for foreign materials contain white blood cells |
| Kidneys | Filter blood |
| Electrolytes | Essential minerals for fluid balance |
| Nephrons | Microscopic blood filters found in kidneys |
| Renal | Refers to kidney |
| Ureters | Carry fluid from the renal pelvis to the bladder. Made of smooth muscle fibres |
| Urethra | Connects urinary bladder to external opening |
| Cystoscopy | (Cyst means bladder) Allows doctor to look inside urethra and bladder |
| Urologists | Focus on kidneys and urinary tract |
| Nephrologists | Focus on disorders of the kidneys and prescribe nonsurgical interventions |
| Nephrolithiasis | (Lithos means stone) Kidney stones |
| Calculi | Stones |
| Vesical | Refers to bladder |
| Intravesical | Inside the bladder |
| Infravesical | Below the bladder |
| Hydronephrosis | Kidney distends because flow of urine is obstructed. |
| Renal failure (acute) | Sudden worsening of kidney function |
| Renal failure (chronic) | Permanent or partial loss of kidney function. Diabetes and high blood pressure are most common causes. |
| Dialysis | (Dia- means through) Process for removing waste and excess water from the blood for people with kidney failure |
| Antibodies | Antibodies attach to a specific antigen and make it easier for immune cells to destroy the antigen. |
| Pathogen | Anything that causes a disease. |
| Histamine | Chemical released by damaged cells |
Created by:
Casita
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