Digestion and Respiration
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| Alimentary Canal | Gastrointestinal tract
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| 3 Exocrine salivary glands | Parotid, submandibular and sublingual
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| Parotid | Largest exocrine salivary gland.
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| Mastication | Chewing
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| Bolus | Roundish mass, especially of chewed food
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| Deglutition | Swallowing
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| Mandible | Lower jaw
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| Maxillae | Upper jaw
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| Lingual | Pertaining to the tongue
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| Saliva | Starts digestion of starch/carbohydrates
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| Esophagus | Muscular tube from pharynx to stomach
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| Pharynx | Throat
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| Peristalsis | Involuntary muscle contractions
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| Peptic ulsers | Sores in stomach lining
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| Duodenum | Upper small intestine
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| Diaphragm | Muscle between chest and abdomen
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| Heartburn | Regurgitation of gastric juices into the esophagus
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| Hiatal hernia | Protrusion of a part of a a structure through the tissues normally containing it
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| GERD | Gastroesophagal reflux disease
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| Inguinal hernia | Groin area hernia. Abdominal contents hernia through a weak point in abdominal wall
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| Chyme | semi-fluid mass of food, converted by gastric secretion, passes from stomach to small intestine
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| Villi | Fingerlike projections on the mucus membrane of the small intestine. Latin for shaggy hair
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| Bile | Secreted by liver. Aids in absorption and digestion of fat.
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| Gall bladder | Sac attached by ducts to liver, in which bile is stored and concentrated
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| Colon | Absorbs water and eliminates products of digestion
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| Diverticula | Small pouches found in sigmoid area of colon
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| Diverticulitis | Inflammation of diverticula
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| Cecum | Beginning of large intestine
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| Type 1 diabetes | Immune system kills insulin producing cells of the pancreas
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| Type 2 diabetes | Insulin insensitivity -- body needs to make extra insulin. sugar in blood increases.
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| Retinopathy | Eye disease
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| Hypoglycemia | Low blood sugar
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| Coma | Unconsciousness
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| Hyperglycemia | High blood sugar. Both hypo and hyperglycemia can lead to coma
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| Solute | Substance dissolved in solution
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| Solvent | Substance that dissolves another substance to form a solution
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| Concentration gradient | Difference in concentration in two areas
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| Diffusion | Tendency to form uniform distribution
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| Ion | Electrically charged atom or molecule
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| Sodium Ion | Na+
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| Osmosis | Diffusion of water
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| Respiration = Pulmonary ventilation | O2 from air, return CO2
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| Conchae | Bone tissue in nasal cavity
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| Larynx | Voice box
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| Trachea | Wind pipe
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| Cartilage | Keeps trachea and adjacent bronchial tubes open
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| Cilia | Motile, hair-like extension of cells
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| Upper respiratory system | Mouth and throat
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| Epiglottis | Protects trachea from food/liquid
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| Bronchus | Any of the major air passages of the lungs that diverge from the trachea
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| Lower airway system | First 20 divisions
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| Alveoli | Bronchioli less than 1mm, microscopic air sacks
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| Diaphragm | Sheet of muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity
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| Brain stem | Automatically controls breathing
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| Emphysema | Chronic disease difficulty in breathing
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| Asthma (bronchial) | Narrowing of airwaves. Caused by spasm, edema, or mucus in the lumen
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| Lumen | the canal of a tubular organ
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| Dyspnea | "ill" "breath" difficulty breathing pnea = breath
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| Sleep Apnea | Absence of breathing caused by upper airway obstruction during sleep
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| Recovery position | 3/4 prone position
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| Prone | Face down
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| Supine | Face up
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| Patent | Open
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| Pharynx | Throat
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| Passive regurgitation | Stomach contents collecting in the throat (question)
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| Aspiration pnemonia | Stomach acid collecting in throat flows into lungs and attacks inner lining
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| Concentration | Amount of dissolved substance per unit of volume
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Created by:
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