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| Yalta Conference | meeting of Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin near the end of World War II to decide what to do after the war; US and UK began to mistrust the Soviet Union
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| Potsdam Conference | post-World War II conference where the US told the UK and Soviets it had an atomic bomb
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| Soviet Domination | Soviet Union used its influence to control countries it had fought through at the end of World War II to get to Germany - because Germany had good beer and they wanted it.
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| satellite countries | countries under the influence of a superpower; Soviet Union satellite countries were Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, etc.
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| Iron Curtain | line that separated the democratic west and the communist east; originated by Winston Churchill in a speech in Missouri
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| superpowers | countries that have the power to influence many other countries; after World War II it was the US and the Soviet Union
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| domino effect | belief that if one country became communist, other countries around it would fall like dominos
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| containment | US policy to stop the spread of communism around the world OR locking up my kids to keep them from wreaking havoc in the world
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| division of Germany | the US, France, UK, and Soviet Union divided Germany into zones after World War II
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| division of Berlin | the capital of Germany was divided into zones after World War II
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| Truman Doctrine | US policy to help any democratic country around the world to resist communism
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| Marshall Plan | US money given to European countries after World War II to rebuild their economies; about $13 billion dollars
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| Berlin Blockade | Soviet action of blocking all road, rail, and water access to West Berlin in 1948-49
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| Berlin Airlift | Allied action of flying in supplies to West Berlin in 1948-49; Operation Vittles
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| alignment | countries choosing sides in the Cold War
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| non-alignment | countries that chose not to side with either the US or the Soviet Union during the Cold War
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| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization; defense treaty led by the US where countries pledge to come to each other's aid if any were attacked
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| Warsaw Pact | defense treaty led by the Soviet Union where countries pledge to come to each other's aid if any were attacked
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| Kitchen Debate | argument over the merits of democracy and communism between Nixon and Khrushchev OR having a food fight in the kitchen
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| Hungarian Uprising | revolt against the policies of the communist government of Hungary; the Soviet Union's army crushed the revolt in 1956
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| Korean War | 1950-53; Americans helped South Korea fight off an attack from the communist North Koreans (with their allies China and the Soviet Union); the war ended in a stalemate
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| DMZ | demilitarized zone that serves as a buffer between North and South Korea
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| Sputnik | first satellite in space, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957; name means traveler
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| espionage | spying on other countries during the Cold War using a variety of different gadgets and methods
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| common spy equipment | hidden knives, pocket guns, suicide pills, hidden cameras, bugs, etc.
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| Nikita Khrushchev | leader of the Soviet Union 1958-1964
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| Harry S. Truman | President of the United States 1945-1953
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| Dwight D. Eisenhower | President of the United States 1953-1961
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| John F. Kennedy | President of the United States 1961-1963
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| Space Race | competition between the US and Soviet Union to get satellites and manned spacecraft into outer space
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| U2 incident | American spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union on May 1, 1960; pilot Francis Gary Powers was captured
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| Building of the Berlin Wall | On August 15, 1961, the Soviets began building a wall between East and West Berlin to stop their citizens from fleeing to the West
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| Bay of Pigs Invasion | 1961 American plan to attack Cuba with exiled rebels and overthrow the communist government; failed and America was humiliated
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| Cuban Missile Crisis | 1962 Soviet attempt to install missiles on Cuba aimed at the US; America stopped shipments by a blockade and the missiles were eventually removed
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| Prague Spring | period of liberalization of communist policies in Czechoslovakia in 1968; Soviet army invaded and crushed all reform
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| Apollo Moon Landing | Americans became the first humans to step foot on the Moon in July, 1969
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| SALT | Strategic Arms Limitation Talks designed to reduce the number of nuclear weapons in the world
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| Vietnam War | proxy war in Southeast Asia over the spread of communism
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| Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan | 1979 Soviet attempt to support the communist government
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| Leonid Brezhnev | leader of the Soviet Union 1964-1982
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| SDI/Star Wars | strategic defense initiative that would use spaced-based lasers and other weapons to protect the US from a nuclear attack; proposed by Ronald Reagan in 1983
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| Margaret Thatcher | first female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom; served from 1979-1990
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| Ronald Reagan | President of the United States 1981-1989
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| Pope John Paul II | leader of the Catholic Church 1978-2005
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| Solidarity | Polish labor union that became a anti-communist movement
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| Fall of the Berlin Wall | November 9, 1989 the wall dividing East and West Berlin was torn down
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| Mikhail Gorbachev | leader of the Soviet Union 1985-1991
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| glasnost | Soviet "openness" on political and social issues under Gorbachev
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| perestroika | Soviet economic "restructuring" under Gorbachev
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| nationalist movements | attempt by different ethnic groups and regions to break away from the Soviet Union and become independent
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| August Coup | 1991 attempt by hardliners to overthrow Gorbachev in the Soviet Union and re-impose strict communism; it failed
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| Boris Yeltsin | first president of the Russian Federation 1991-1999
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| Jimmy Carter | President of the United States 1977-1981
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| George H.W. Bush | President of the United States 1989-1993
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