muscular system
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| Muscle Cells | Muscle Fibers
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| Four Major Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle | Contractility, Excitability, Extensibility, Elasticity
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| The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | Contractility
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| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | Excitability
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| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility
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| The ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | Elasticity
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| A connective tissue sheath that surrounds each skeletal muscle | Epimysium
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| A connective tissue that is located outside of the epimysium. It surrounds and separates muscle. | Fascia
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| Loose connective tissue that surrounds muscle fasciculi | Perimysium
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| A connective tissue sheath that surrounds muscle fibers | Endomysium
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| A threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other. Found in the cytoplasm of each fiber. | Myofibrils
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| Thin myofilaments that resemble 2 strands of pearls twisted together | Actin Myofilaments
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| Thick myofilaments that resemble bundles of mini gold clubs | Myosin Myofilaments
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| Units that are joined end to end to form the myofibril | Sarcomeres
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| The basic structural and functional unit of the muscle | Sarcomere
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| Where each sarcomere extends from | One Z line to another Z line
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| A light area on each side of the Z line consisting of actin | I band
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| A band extending the length of the myosin that is the darker central region of the sarcomere | A band
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| A light area in the center of each sarcomere that consists of only myosin | H zone
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| The myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark stained band called the | M line
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| Raises the eyebrows | Occipitofrontalis
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| Closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet" wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye | Orbicularis oculi
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| Puckers the lips | Orbicularis oris
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| Flattens the cheeks. Trumpeter's muscle. | Buccinator
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| Kissing muscles | Orbicularis oris and buccinator
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| Smiling Muscle | Zygomaticus
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| Sneering | Levator labii superioris
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| Frowning | Depressor anguli oris
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| Mastification | Chewing
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| Change the shape of the tongue | Intrinsic tongue muscles
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| Move the tongue | Extrinsic tongue muscles
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| Lateral neck muscle and prime mover. Rotates and abducts the head. | Sternocleidmastoid
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| Group of muscles on each side of the back. Responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect | Erector spinae
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| Elevate the ribs during inspiration | External intercostals
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| Contract during forced expiration | Internal intercostals
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| Accomplishes quiet breathing. Dome-shaped muscle. Aids in breathing. | Diaphragm
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| Rotates scapula | Trapezius
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| Pulls scapula anteriorly | Serratus anterior
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| The arm is attached to the thorax by the | Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles
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| Adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major
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| Medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm | Latissimus dorsi
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| Flexes forearm | Brachialis
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| Flexes and supinates the forearm | Brachioradialis
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| Attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb | Deltoid
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| Flexes the wrist | Flexor carpi
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| Extends the wrist | Extensor carpi
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| Flexes the fingers | Flexor digitorum
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| Extends the fingers | Extensor digitorum
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| Hand muscles located within the hand | Intrinsic hand muscles
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| How many intrinsic hand muscles are there? | 19
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| Muscles located between the metacarpals, are responsible for abduction and adduction of the fingers | Interossi muscles
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| Buttocks | Gluteus maximus
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| Extends the legs, anterior thigh muscles | Quadriceps femoris
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| âTailors muscle,â flexes the thigh | Sartorius
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| Posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh | Hamstring muscles
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| Form the calf muscle and join to form the calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon). Flex the foot and toes. | Gastrocnemius and soleus
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| The lateral muscles of the leg, are primarily everters (turning the lateral side of the foot outward) of the foot, but they also aid in plantar flexion. | Peroneus muscles
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| Muscles located within the foot, flex extend, abduct, and adduct the toes | Intrinsic foot muscles
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| How many intrinsic foot muscles are there? | 20
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| A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. | Muscle twitch
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| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is the | Lag phase
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| The time of contraction is the | Contraction phase
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| The time during which the muscle relaxes is the | Relaxation phase
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| Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing. | Tetany
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| The increase in number of motor units being activated is called | Recruitment
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| needed for energy for muscle contraction. | ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
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| Where is ATP produced? | In the mitochondria
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| It is necessary for muscle cells to constantly produce ATP. When at rest they canât stockpile ATP but they can store another high-energy molecule, called | Creatine phosphate
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| Which type of respiration is without oxygen? | Anaerobic
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| Which type of respiration uses oxygen? | Aerobic
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| Which type of respiration is more efficient? | Aerobic
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| results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells. | Muscle fatigue
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| The ________\_____ is the most stationary end of the muscle. | Origin / head
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| The _________ is the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement. | Insertion
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| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion is the | Belly
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| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements are called | Synergists
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| Muscles that work in opposition to one another are called | Antagonists
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