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muscular system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscle Cells | Muscle Fibers |
| Four Major Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle | Contractility, Excitability, Extensibility, Elasticity |
| The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | Contractility |
| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | Excitability |
| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility |
| The ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | Elasticity |
| A connective tissue sheath that surrounds each skeletal muscle | Epimysium |
| A connective tissue that is located outside of the epimysium. It surrounds and separates muscle. | Fascia |
| Loose connective tissue that surrounds muscle fasciculi | Perimysium |
| A connective tissue sheath that surrounds muscle fibers | Endomysium |
| A threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other. Found in the cytoplasm of each fiber. | Myofibrils |
| Thin myofilaments that resemble 2 strands of pearls twisted together | Actin Myofilaments |
| Thick myofilaments that resemble bundles of mini gold clubs | Myosin Myofilaments |
| Units that are joined end to end to form the myofibril | Sarcomeres |
| The basic structural and functional unit of the muscle | Sarcomere |
| Where each sarcomere extends from | One Z line to another Z line |
| A light area on each side of the Z line consisting of actin | I band |
| A band extending the length of the myosin that is the darker central region of the sarcomere | A band |
| A light area in the center of each sarcomere that consists of only myosin | H zone |
| The myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark stained band called the | M line |
| Raises the eyebrows | Occipitofrontalis |
| Closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet" wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye | Orbicularis oculi |
| Puckers the lips | Orbicularis oris |
| Flattens the cheeks. Trumpeter's muscle. | Buccinator |
| Kissing muscles | Orbicularis oris and buccinator |
| Smiling Muscle | Zygomaticus |
| Sneering | Levator labii superioris |
| Frowning | Depressor anguli oris |
| Mastification | Chewing |
| Change the shape of the tongue | Intrinsic tongue muscles |
| Move the tongue | Extrinsic tongue muscles |
| Lateral neck muscle and prime mover. Rotates and abducts the head. | Sternocleidmastoid |
| Group of muscles on each side of the back. Responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect | Erector spinae |
| Elevate the ribs during inspiration | External intercostals |
| Contract during forced expiration | Internal intercostals |
| Accomplishes quiet breathing. Dome-shaped muscle. Aids in breathing. | Diaphragm |
| Rotates scapula | Trapezius |
| Pulls scapula anteriorly | Serratus anterior |
| The arm is attached to the thorax by the | Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles |
| Adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major |
| Medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm | Latissimus dorsi |
| Flexes forearm | Brachialis |
| Flexes and supinates the forearm | Brachioradialis |
| Attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb | Deltoid |
| Flexes the wrist | Flexor carpi |
| Extends the wrist | Extensor carpi |
| Flexes the fingers | Flexor digitorum |
| Extends the fingers | Extensor digitorum |
| Hand muscles located within the hand | Intrinsic hand muscles |
| How many intrinsic hand muscles are there? | 19 |
| Muscles located between the metacarpals, are responsible for abduction and adduction of the fingers | Interossi muscles |
| Buttocks | Gluteus maximus |
| Extends the legs, anterior thigh muscles | Quadriceps femoris |
| âTailors muscle,â flexes the thigh | Sartorius |
| Posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh | Hamstring muscles |
| Form the calf muscle and join to form the calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon). Flex the foot and toes. | Gastrocnemius and soleus |
| The lateral muscles of the leg, are primarily everters (turning the lateral side of the foot outward) of the foot, but they also aid in plantar flexion. | Peroneus muscles |
| Muscles located within the foot, flex extend, abduct, and adduct the toes | Intrinsic foot muscles |
| How many intrinsic foot muscles are there? | 20 |
| A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. | Muscle twitch |
| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is the | Lag phase |
| The time of contraction is the | Contraction phase |
| The time during which the muscle relaxes is the | Relaxation phase |
| Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing. | Tetany |
| The increase in number of motor units being activated is called | Recruitment |
| needed for energy for muscle contraction. | ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
| Where is ATP produced? | In the mitochondria |
| It is necessary for muscle cells to constantly produce ATP. When at rest they canât stockpile ATP but they can store another high-energy molecule, called | Creatine phosphate |
| Which type of respiration is without oxygen? | Anaerobic |
| Which type of respiration uses oxygen? | Aerobic |
| Which type of respiration is more efficient? | Aerobic |
| results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells. | Muscle fatigue |
| The ________\_____ is the most stationary end of the muscle. | Origin / head |
| The _________ is the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement. | Insertion |
| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion is the | Belly |
| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements are called | Synergists |
| Muscles that work in opposition to one another are called | Antagonists |
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kaitlinmayyy
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