ch. 6
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| contracility | shorten with force
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| excitability | respond to a stimulus
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| extensibility | stretched
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| elasticity | go back to original after being stretched
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| epimysium | connective tissue sheath around each skeletal muscle
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| fascia | outside the epimysium, surrounds& separates muscles
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| perimysium | loose connective tissue
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| muscle fasciculi | visible bundles
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| fibers | single muscle cells
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| endomysium | connective tissue sheath surrounding fiber
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| myofibrils | extends from one end of the fiber to the other
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| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments
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| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments
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| sarcomeres | highly ordered units
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| resting membrane potential | charge difference across membrane
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| action potential | reversal back of the charge
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| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials
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| neuromuscular junction/ synapse | forms when branch connects to muscle
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| motor unit | single motor neuron
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| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal
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| synaptic cleft | space between the presynaptic terminal and muscle cell
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| postsynaptic terminal | muscle fiber
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| synaptic vesicles | in every presynaptic terminal
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| acetylcholine | neurotransmitter
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| acetylcholinesterase | enzyme
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| sliding filament mechanism | sliding of actin myofilaments
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| muscle twitch | contraction of muscle
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| threshold | muscle fiber contract maximally
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| all- or- none response | threshold
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| lag phase | beginning of contraction
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| contraction phase | time of contraction
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| relaxation phase | muscle relaxes
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| tetany | the muscle remains contracted without relaxing
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| recruitment | increase of in number of units
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| creatine phosphate | high energy molecule
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| anaerobic repiration | without oxygen
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| aerobic respiration | with oxygen
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| oxygen debt | amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions
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| muscle fatigue | ATP is used during muscle contraction
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| isometric | equal distance
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| isotonic | equal tension
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| muscle tone | constant tension produced by muscle
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| fast twitch fibers | contract and fatigue quickly
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| slow twitch fibers | contract more slowly
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| origin | most stationary end of the muscle
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| insertion | end of the muscle undergoing
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| belly | muscle between origin and insertion
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| synergists | muscles that work together
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| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to each other
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| prime mover | accomplishing desired moevment
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| occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrow
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| orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelid and creates the wrinkles next to your eye
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| orbicularis oris | puckers the lips
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| buccinator | flattens the cheeks
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| zygomaticus | smiling muscle
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| levator labii superioris | sneering
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| depressor anguli oris | frowning
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| mastication | chewing
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| intrinsic tongue muscles | change the shape of tongue
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| extrinsic tongue muscles | move the tongue
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| sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover
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| erector spine | group of muscles on each side of back
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| external intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration
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| internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration
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| diaphragm | quiet breathing
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| linea alba | tendinous area of abdominal wall
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| rectus abdominis | on each side of the linea alba
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| tendinous inscriptions | cross the rectus abdominis at 3 or more locations
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| trapezius | rotates scapula
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| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly
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| pectorallis major | attaches the arm to the thorax
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| latissimus dorsi muscles | attaches the arm to the thorax
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| pectorallis major | adducts and flexes the arm
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| latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm
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| deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle
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| triceps brachii | extends the forearm
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| biceps brachii | flexes the forearm
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| brachialis | flexes forearm
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| brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm
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| retinaculum | strong band of fibrous connective tissue
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| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist
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| extensor carpi | extends wrist
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| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers
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| extensor digitorum | extends fingers
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| intrinsic hand muscles | 19 hand muscles
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| interossi | abduction and adduction of fingers
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| gluteus maximus | buttocks
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| quadriceps femoris | extends the leg
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| sartorius | flexes the thigh
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| hamstring | flexes leg and extends thigh
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| gastrocnemius | form calf muscle
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| intrinsic foot | 20 muscles located in the foot
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