CH. 6 MUSCLES
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| Ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. | Contractility
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| Capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. | Excitability
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| Ability to be stretched. | Extensibility
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| Ability to recoil to their original resting length after being stretched. | Elasticity
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| What helps to produce heat essential for maintenance of normal body temperature? | Muscles
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| What connective tissue sheath surrounds the skeletal muscle? | Epimysium
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| What connective tissue is located and surrounds the outside of the Epimysium? | Fascia
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| What loose connective tissue surrounds the muscle fascicle? | Perimysium
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| Fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells. | Fibers
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| What connective tissue sheath is surrounds each fiber? | Endomysium
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| Each muscle fiber is a ______ cylindrical cell containing several nuclei. | Single
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| A threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other. | Myofibrils
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| Myofibrils consist of 2 major kinds of protein fibers: | Actin and Myosin Myofilaments
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| Thin; resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together. | Actin Myofilaments
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| Thick; resemble bundles of minute golf clubs. | Myosin Myofilaments
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| Both myofilaments form highly ordered units called | Sarcomeres
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| Sarcomeres are joined end to end to form what? | Myofibril
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| Each Z line extends from where? | One Z line to another Z line.
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| On each side of the Z line is a light area called | An I Band
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| What consists of Actin? | An I Band
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| What extends the length of the myosin? | A Band
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| What is the darker area of each sarcaromere? | A Band
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| What is another light area in the sarcomere? | H Zone
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| What consists of only myosin? | H Zone
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| What is in the center of the sarcormere at a dark staining band? | M Line
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| The outside of most cell membranes is ______ ______. | Positively Charged
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| The inside of most cell membranes is ______ ______. | Negatively Charged
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| What is the charge difference across the membrane called? | Rest Membrane Potential
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| The brief reversal back of charge is called______ _____. | Action Potential
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| What are nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers? | Motor Neurons
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| Axons enter the ______ and branch. | Muscles
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| Each branch that connects to the muscle forms a what? | Neuromusclular Junction
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| What is another word for Neuromusclular Junction? | Synapse
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| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called ______ ______. | Motor Unit
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| Many motor units form a ______ muscle. | Single
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| An enlarged nerve terminal resting in in an indentation of the muscle cell membrane forms what? | Neuronmusclular Junction
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| What is the enlarged terminal? | Presynaptic Terminal
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| What is the space between the Presynaptic Terminal and the muscle cell? | Synaptic Cleft
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| What is the muscle fiber inside of the Syaptic Cleft? | Postsynaptic Terminal
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| What does each presynaptic terminal contain? | Synaptic Vesicles
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| What is a secreted neurotransmitter? | Acetylcholine
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| What is an enzymatic breakdown? | Acetylcholinesterase
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| When does muscle contraction occur? | When actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another.
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| What happens when sarcomeres shorten? | It causes the muscle to shorten.
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| The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called the _____ _____ _____. | Sliding Filament Mechanism
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| Which band doesn't shorten: A, H, or I? | A Bands
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| What is a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus? | Muscle Twitch
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| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called _______. | Threshold
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| The muscle fiber will contract maximally; the phenomenon is called ______ ______. | All-or-None Response
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| The tine between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is the_____ _____. | Lag Phase
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| What is the time of contraction called? | Contraction Phase
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| What is the time during which the muscle relaxes called? | Relaxation Phase
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| Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing is called? | Tetany
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| What is the increase in number of motor units being activated called? | Recruitment
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| What does ATP stand for? | Adenosine Triphosphate
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| What is ATP needed for? | Energy for muscle contraction
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| Where is ATP produced? | Mitochondria
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| ATP is ________ and __________. | Short-lived and Unstable
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| ATP degenerates to the more stable ___ plus phosphate. | ADP
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| What does ADP stand for? | Adenosine Diphosphate
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| What is another high-energy molecule called? | Creatine Phosphate
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| Without oxygen... | Anaerobic Respiration
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| With oxygen... | Aerobic Respiration
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| The amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose. | Oxygen Debt
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| What results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells? | Muscle Fatigue
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| The length of the muscle does not change, but the tension increases during the contraction process. | Isometric
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| The amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes. | Isotonic
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| Refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time; Keeps head up and back straight. | Muscle Tone
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| Contract and fatigue quickly; white meat of a chicken's breast. | Fast-Twitch Fibers
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| Contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue; dark meat of a duck's breast or the legs of a chicken. | Slow-Twitch Fibers
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| The most stationary end of the muscle; head. | Origin
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| The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement. | Insertion
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| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion. | Belly
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| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements. | Synergists
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| Muscles that work in opposition to one another. | Antagonists
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| If one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement then it is... | The Prime Mover
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