Ch. 6 Muscle
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| Contractility | muscle shortens
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| Excitability | muscle reacts to stimulus
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| Extendability | muscle stretches
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| Elasticity | muscle recoils after stretch
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| muscle cells | fibers
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| connective tissue surrounding skeletal muscle | epimysium
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| connective tissue outside the epimysium | fascia
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| connective tissue surrounding fascicle | perimysium
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| connective tissue covering fiber | endomysium
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| cytoplasm of each fiber | myofibril
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| 2 major kinds of protein fibers | actin & myosin
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| thin myofilament | actin
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| thick myofilament | myosin
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| basic structural and functional unit of the muscle | sarcomere
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| exists from z line to z line | sarcomere
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| light area and what it consists of | I Band, actin
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| dark area and what it consists of | A Band, myosin
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| positively charged cell membrane is found | outside
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| negatively charged cell membrane is found | inside
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| when you stimulate a muscle cell | membrane characteristics change
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| difference in membrane charges | resting membrane potential
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| reversal of charge | action potential
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| carry action potentials to skeletal muscle cells | motor neurons
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| threadlike part of nerve cell | axon
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| branch through muscles | axon
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| ‘synapse’ each branch that connects to muscle | neuromuscular junction
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| motor neuron and the muscle fibers it interacts w | motor unit
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| usually forms a single cell | motor unit
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| how is a neuromuscular junction formed | enlarged nerve terminal on muscle cell membrane
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| enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal
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| between presynaptic terminal and muscle cell | synaptic cleft
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| muscle fiber made of presynaptic terminal and synaptic cleft | postsynaptic terminal
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| secretes acetylcholine | synaptic vesicles
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| causes change in postsynaptic cell | acetylcholine
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| action potential reaches nerve terminal, synaptic vesicles release acetylcholine to synaptic cleft | exocytosis
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| envelopes fibers of skeletal muscles | sarcolemma
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| actin myofilaments slide last myosin | sliding filament mechanism
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| contraction of entire muscle due to stimulus | muscle twitch
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| level at which muscle responds to a stimulus | threshold
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| time between stimulus and contraction | lag phase
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| time of contraction | contraction phase
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| muscle relaxes | relaxation phase
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| muscle remains contracted | tetany
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| increase in activated motor units | recruitment
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| needed for muscle contraction | ATP
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| w out oxygen | anaerobic respiration
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| w oxygen | aerobic respiration
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| ATP is used faster than it’s made | muscle fatigue
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| tension increases, length remains the same | isometric
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| length changes, tension remains the same | isotonic
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| constant muscle tension produced | muscle tone
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| head, stationary end of muscle | origin
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| end of muscle w most movement | insertion
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| between head and insertion | belly
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| muscles work together | synergists
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| muscles work in opposition | antagonists
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| major roll in synergists | prime mover
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| orbicularis facial | circles mouth
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| risorius facial | draws back mouth
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| procerus facial | frowning eyebrows
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| nasalis facial | flares nostrils
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| mentalis facial | wrinkles chin
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| buccinator facial | compresses cheeks
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| depressor supercilii facial | depression of eyebrow
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| corrugator supercilii facial | wrinkles forehead
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| levator anguli oris facial | smile
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| depressor anguli oris facial | frown
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| largest muscle in body | gluteus maximus
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| muscular heart tissue | myocardium
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| fasciculi | made of fibers
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Created by:
MarleeHutchinson
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