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Ch. 6 Muscle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contractility | muscle shortens |
| Excitability | muscle reacts to stimulus |
| Extendability | muscle stretches |
| Elasticity | muscle recoils after stretch |
| muscle cells | fibers |
| connective tissue surrounding skeletal muscle | epimysium |
| connective tissue outside the epimysium | fascia |
| connective tissue surrounding fascicle | perimysium |
| connective tissue covering fiber | endomysium |
| cytoplasm of each fiber | myofibril |
| 2 major kinds of protein fibers | actin & myosin |
| thin myofilament | actin |
| thick myofilament | myosin |
| basic structural and functional unit of the muscle | sarcomere |
| exists from z line to z line | sarcomere |
| light area and what it consists of | I Band, actin |
| dark area and what it consists of | A Band, myosin |
| positively charged cell membrane is found | outside |
| negatively charged cell membrane is found | inside |
| when you stimulate a muscle cell | membrane characteristics change |
| difference in membrane charges | resting membrane potential |
| reversal of charge | action potential |
| carry action potentials to skeletal muscle cells | motor neurons |
| threadlike part of nerve cell | axon |
| branch through muscles | axon |
| ‘synapse’ each branch that connects to muscle | neuromuscular junction |
| motor neuron and the muscle fibers it interacts w | motor unit |
| usually forms a single cell | motor unit |
| how is a neuromuscular junction formed | enlarged nerve terminal on muscle cell membrane |
| enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| between presynaptic terminal and muscle cell | synaptic cleft |
| muscle fiber made of presynaptic terminal and synaptic cleft | postsynaptic terminal |
| secretes acetylcholine | synaptic vesicles |
| causes change in postsynaptic cell | acetylcholine |
| action potential reaches nerve terminal, synaptic vesicles release acetylcholine to synaptic cleft | exocytosis |
| envelopes fibers of skeletal muscles | sarcolemma |
| actin myofilaments slide last myosin | sliding filament mechanism |
| contraction of entire muscle due to stimulus | muscle twitch |
| level at which muscle responds to a stimulus | threshold |
| time between stimulus and contraction | lag phase |
| time of contraction | contraction phase |
| muscle relaxes | relaxation phase |
| muscle remains contracted | tetany |
| increase in activated motor units | recruitment |
| needed for muscle contraction | ATP |
| w out oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| w oxygen | aerobic respiration |
| ATP is used faster than it’s made | muscle fatigue |
| tension increases, length remains the same | isometric |
| length changes, tension remains the same | isotonic |
| constant muscle tension produced | muscle tone |
| head, stationary end of muscle | origin |
| end of muscle w most movement | insertion |
| between head and insertion | belly |
| muscles work together | synergists |
| muscles work in opposition | antagonists |
| major roll in synergists | prime mover |
| orbicularis facial | circles mouth |
| risorius facial | draws back mouth |
| procerus facial | frowning eyebrows |
| nasalis facial | flares nostrils |
| mentalis facial | wrinkles chin |
| buccinator facial | compresses cheeks |
| depressor supercilii facial | depression of eyebrow |
| corrugator supercilii facial | wrinkles forehead |
| levator anguli oris facial | smile |
| depressor anguli oris facial | frown |
| largest muscle in body | gluteus maximus |
| muscular heart tissue | myocardium |
| fasciculi | made of fibers |
Created by:
MarleeHutchinson
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