SSCT Intro to Anatomy & Physiology Ch. 6
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| Articulations | joint
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| Hematopoiesis | blood cell formation, found in red bone marrow
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| Red bone marrow | soft connective tissue inside the hard walls of some bones
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| Diaphysis | shaft of long bone
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| Medullary cavity | hallow area inside the diaphysis of a bone
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| yellow bone marrow | an inactive fatty form of marrow found in the adult skeleton
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| Epiphysis | ends of bones, red bone marrow fills in small spaces n the spongy bone composing the epiphysis.
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| Articular cartilage | cartilage covering the joint ends of bones
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| Periosteum | tough, connective tissue covering the bone
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| Endosteum | a fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity.
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| Dense Bone | bone with an outer layer that is hard and dense.
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| Compact bone | dense bone
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| Trabeculae | needlike threads of spongy bone that surround a network of spaces
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| Osteons | structural unit of compact bone tissue made up of concentric layers (lamellae)of hard bone matrix and bone cells (osteocytes)
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| concentric lamella | ring of calcified matrix surrounding the haversian canal
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| osteocyte | bone cell
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| lacunae | space or cavity; for example lacunae in bone contain bone cells
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| canaliculi | an extremely narrow tubular passage or channel in compact bone
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| periosteum | tough, connective tissue covering the bone
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| cartilage | specialized, fibrous connective tissue that has the consistency of a firm plastic or gristle like gel
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| Chondrocytes | cartilage cell
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| Osteoblasts | bone forming cell
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| Osteoclasts | bone absorbing cell
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| Endochondral Ossification | the process in which most bones are formed from cartilage models
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| Epiphyseal plate | the cartilage plate that is between the epiphysis and the diaphysis and allows growth to occur; sometimes refered to as the growth plate
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| Epiphyses | ends of a long bone
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| Diaphysis | shaft on a lone bone
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| Axial Skeleton | the bones of the head, neck, and torso
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| Appendicular Skeleton | the bons of the upper and lower extremeties of the body
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| Cranium | bony vault made up of eight bones that encase the brain
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| Middle Ear | a tiny and very thin epithelium lined cavity in the temporal bone that houses the ossicles; in the middle ear, sound waves are amplified
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| Sinuses | a space or cavity inside some of the cranial bones
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| Paranasal Sinuses | four pairs of sinuses that have openings into the nose
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| Sutures | immovable joint
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| Fontanels | "soft spots" on the infants head; unossified areas in the infant skull
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| vertebrae | bones that make up the spinal column
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| Thorax | Chest
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| Chest | Thorax
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| Scapula | Shoulder Blade
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| Clavicle | collarbone, connects the upper extremity to the axial skeleton
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| Olecranon Fossa | a large depression on the posterior surface of the humerus
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| Sternoclavicular Joint | the direct point of attachment between the bones of the upper extremity and the axial skeleton
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| Radius | one of the two bones in the forearm; located on the thumb side of the forearm
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| Ulna | one of the two forearm bones; located on the little finger side
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| Olecranon Process | the large bony process of the ulna; commonly referred to as the tip of the elbow
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| Carpal | pertaining to the wrist
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| Meta-carpal | the part of the hand between the wrist and fingers
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| Phalanges | the bones that make up the fingers and toes
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| Hip | the joint connecting the legs to the trunk; pelvic girdle
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| Pelvic Girdle | connects the legs to the trunk; hip bones
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| Coxal | pelvic bone or hip bone formed by fusion of three distinct bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis) during skeletal development
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| Ilium | distal portion of the small intestine
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| Ischeum | one of three separate bones that forms the os coxa
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| Pubis | joint in the midline between the two pubic bones
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| Femur | thigh bone, which is the longest bone in the body.
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| Acetabulum | socket in the hip bone into which the head of the femur fits
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| Patella | small, shallow pan; the kneecap
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| Tibia | shinbone
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| Fibula | the slender non-weight bearing bone located on the lateral aspect of the leg.
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| Metatarsal Arch | the arch that extends across the ball of the foot; also called the transverse arch
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| Tarsals | Seven bones of the heel and back part of the foot; the calcaneus is the largest
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| Calcaneus | heel bone; largest tarsal in the foot
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| longitudinal Arch | two arches, the medial and lateral, that extends lengthwise in the foot
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| Transverse Arch | the arch that extends across the ball of the foot also known as the Metatarsal Arch
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| Metatarsal Arch | the arch that extends across the ball of the foot also known as the Transverse Arch
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| Synarthrosis | a joint in which fibrous connective tissue joints bones and holds them together tightly; commonly called sutures
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| Amphiarthrosis | slightly movable joint such as the joint joining the two pubic bones
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| Diarthroses | freely movable joint
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| Ligaments | bond or band connecting two objects; in anatomy a band of white fibrous tissue connecting bones
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| Articular Cartilage | cartilage covering the joint ends of bones
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| Synovial Membrane | connective tissue membrane lining the spaces between bones and joints that secretes synovial fluid
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| Flexion | act of binding; decreasing the angle between two bones at the joint
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| Extension | increasing the angle between two bones at a joint
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| Rotation | movement around the longitudinal axis; for example, shaking her head "no"
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| Flex | act of binding; decreasing the angle between two bones at the joint
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| Extend | straighten a bend
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| Abduct | move away from the center of midline
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| Adduct | move toward the center or midline
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| Circumduct | move the distal end in a circular path
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| Long bones | humerus, fermur
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| short bones | carpals
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| flat bones | skull bones (ie frontal)
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| Irregular bones | vertebrae
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| Long Bone | Diaphysis, Medullary Cavity, Epiphysis, Articular Cartilage, Periosteum, Endosteum
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