physiology, anatomy, diseases
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| consists of right and left lungs and air passage ways that connect the lungs to the outside of the body | respiratory system
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| in the head and neck. includes the nose nasal cavity and pharynx | upper respiratory system
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| includes the larynx and trachea. in the neck, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli in the lungs | lower respiratory system
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| to bring oxygen in the body and expel carbon dioxide (waste) | purpose of the respiratory system
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| pertaining to | -atory
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| contains the nasal cavity | nose
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| a wall of cartilage and bone | nasal septum
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| one side of the cavity are 3 long bony projections | superior, middle and inferior
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| lined with mucosa | nasal cavity
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| warms and humidifies the air and produces mucus | mucus membranes
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| dividing wall; septum | sept/o-
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| scroll like structure; turbinate | turbin/o-
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| mucous membrane | mucos/o-
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| mucus | muc/o-
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| posteriorly the nasal cavities merges with the | pharynx
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| the area of the throat that is posterior to the nasal cavity | nasopharynx
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| the area of the throat that is posterior to the oral cavity | oropharynx
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| posterior to the larynx | laryngopharynx
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| inferior end divides into 2 parts | larynx
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| leads to the trachea | larynx
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| leads to the stomach | esophagus
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| a lid like structure seals off the opening so that swallowed food goes into the esophagus | epiglottis
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| below the vocal cords the larynx merges into the | trachea
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| flexible and can flatten | trachea
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| or/o- | mouth
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| glott/o- | glottis of the larynx
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| the central opening n the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles through which air passes | lumen
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| refers to the bronchi and the lungs | bronchopulmonary
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| small hairs in the nose | cilia
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| spongy air filled structures | lungs
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| large divisions whose dividing lines are visible on the outer surface of the lung | lobes
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| is larger and has how many lobes | right and 3
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| the 3 lobes of the right lung | upper, middle, lower
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| has only 2 lobes | left lung
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| the 2 lobes of the left lung are called | upper and lower
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| the rounded top of each lung | apex
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| an indentation on the medial surface of the lung | hilum
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| a hollow sphere of cells that expands and contracts with each breath | alveolus
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| the funtional part of the lungs | parenchyma
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| a protein fat compound that reduces surface tension | surfactant
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| bony cage that consists of the sternum | thorax
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| irregulary shaped area that contains the trachea | mediastinum
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| sheet of skeletal muscle, lie along the inferior border | diaphragm
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| double layered serous membrane | pleura
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| the layer next to the lungs surfaace | visceral pleura
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| the layer next to the wall of the thoracic cavity | parietal pleura
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| slippery, watery fluid that allows the 2 layers to the side smoothly pass each other | pleural fluid
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| consists of breathing in and out | respirations
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| the brain regulate the depth and rate of repiration | respiratory control centers
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| having normal depth and rate of repirations | eupnea
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| movement of air in and out the lungs | ventilation
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| movement of oxygen from inhaled air into the alveoli and then into the blood | external respiration
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| transport of oxygen and carbon dioxidde in the blood | gas transport
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| movement of oxygen from the blood into the cells | internal respirations
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| oxygen is used by the cell to produce energy in the process of metabolism | cellular respiration
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| large internal organs | viscer/o-
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| wall of a cavity | pariet/o-
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| lung membrane | pleur/o-
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| pector/o- steth/o- | chest
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| capn/o- | carbon dioxide
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| pne/o- | breathing
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| hal/o- | breath
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| metabol/o- | change; tranformation
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| ox/y- | oxygen
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| gen/o- | arising from; produced by
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| glob/o- | comprehensive; shaped like a globe
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| ventil/o- | movement of air
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| cellul/o- | cell
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| infect/o- | disease within
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| ectasis | condition of dilation
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| atel/o- | incomplete
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| chron/o- | time
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| obstruct/o- | blocked by a barrier
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| em- | in
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| phys/o- | distend; grow; inflate
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| -ema | condition
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| abbreviation for upper respiratory infection | URI
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| bacterial or viral infection of the nose and or throat. | upper respiratory infection
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| hyper reactivity of the bronchi and bronchioles with bronchospasm. | asthma
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| prolonged extremely severe life threatening asthma attack | status asthmacticus
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| acute or chronic inflammation or infection of the bronchi | bronchitis
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| chronic permanent enlargement and loss of elasticity | bronchiectasis
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| normal ispiration sounds like a soft wind rushing through a tunnel | abnormal breath sounds
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| a severe infection, extensive burns, or injury to the lungs | adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
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| incomplete expansion or collapse of part or all of a drug that blocks the bronchus | atelectasis
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| combo of chronic bronchitis and emphysema | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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| hereditary, eventually fatal disease caused by a recessive gene | cystic fibrosis
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| localized collection of purulent material in the thoracic cavity from an infection in the lungs | empyema
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| acute viral infection of the upper and lower respiratory system | influenza
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| severe sometimes fatal bacteria infection | legionnaires disease
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| cancerous tumor of the lungs that is more common in smokers | lung cancer
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| constant exposure to inhaled particules | occupational lung disease
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| coal miners lung or black lung | anthracosis
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| caused by abestos fibers | asbestosis
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| infection of some or all the lobes of the lungs | pneumonia
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| caused by foreign matter that is inhaled into the lungs | aspiration pnuemonia
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| caused by bacteria | bacterial pnuemonia
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| affects the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli in the lung | broncho pnuemonia
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| in both lungs | double pnuemonia
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| bladder | cyst/o-
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| fiber | fibr/o-
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| cancer | cancer/o-
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| cancer; intentionally causing harm | malign/o-
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| gland | aden/o-
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| coal | anthrac/o-
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| dust | coni/o-
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| lobe of an organ | lob/o-
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| spherical bacterium | cocc/o-
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| virus | vir/o-
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| embolus; occluding plug | embol/o-
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| tuberculosis | tubercul/o-
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| nodule | tuber/o-
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| pouring out | effus/o-
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| breathing | -pnea pne/o-
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| chest | pector/o-
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| condition of coughing up | -ptysis
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| sudden sharp attack | paroxysm/o-
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| straight | orth/o-
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| fast | tachy
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| around | circum-
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| carbon dioxide | capn/o-
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| condition of the blood | -emia
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| sleep | somn/o-
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| radiation, xray | radi/o-
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| cut; layer; slice | tom/o-
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| movement of air | ventil/o-
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| through; throughout | per-
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| listening | auscult/o-
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| tapping | percuss/o-
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| raise up again | resuscit/o-
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| tube | tub/o-
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| person who does | -ator
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| cut out; remove | resect/o-
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| procedure to puncture | -centesis
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| cough | tuss/o-
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| cortex; outer region | cortic/o-
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| affects part or all or just one lobe of the lung | lobar pnuemonia
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| acute caused by bacterium streptococcus | pneumococcal pnuemonia
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| severe pnuemonia caused by the fungus pnuemocystis jiroveci | pneumocystis jiroveci pnuemonia
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| fluid collects in the alveoli | pulmonary edema
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| blockage of a pulmonary artery | pulmonary embolism
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| acute viral respiratory illness that can be fatal | severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
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| lung infection caused by the bacterium mycobacterium , spread by airborne droplet and coughing | tuberculosis
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| presence of blood in the thoracic cavity usually from tramua | hemothorax
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| accumulation of fluid in the pleural space | pleural effusion
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| inflammation or infection of the pleura due to pnuemonia trauma or a tumor | pleurisy
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| large volume of air in he pleural space | pnuemothorax
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| breif or prolonged absence of spontaneous respirations due to respiratory failure or arrest | -apnea
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| abnormally slow rate of breathing | bradyapnea
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| difficult labored painful respirations due to lung disease | dyspnea
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| need to be proped up to sleep | orthopnea
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| abnormally rapid rate of breathing | tachypnea
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| complete lack of oxygen in the aterial blood and body tissues | anoxia
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| bluish-gray discolortion of the skin | cyanosis
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| very high level of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood | hypercapnia
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| very low level of oxygen in the arterial blood | hypoxema
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| blood test to measure partial pressure and gases and co2 in arterial blood | arterial blood gases
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| blood test to measure level of carbon monoxide in the blood | carboxyhemoglobin
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| to measure degree of oxygen | oximetry
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| procedure to measure capacity of the lungs and the volume of air during inhale and exhale | pulmonary function test
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| to breath in is called inhale and | inspiration
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| to breath out is called exhale and | expiration
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| to see if have sleep apnea and whats casuing it | sleep study
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| test to identify which bacterium is causing a pulmonary infection | sputum culture and sensitivity
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| test to detemine if paitent has been exposed to be | tuberculosis test
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| radiologic procedure that uses xrays to create image of the lungs | chest radiography
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| radiologic procedures that scan a narrow slice of tissue | cat, ct, mri
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| nuclear medicine procedure that uses inhaled radioactive gas to show air flow in the lungs | lung scan
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| uses a stethoscope to listen to breath sounds | auscultstion and percussion
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| to ventilate the lungs and circulate the blood if patient has quit breathing | cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
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| an endotracheal tube is inserted | endotracheal intubation
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| medical device to encourage patients to breatj deeply to prevent atelectasis | incentive spirometry
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| procedure to provide additional oxygen to patients with pulmonary disease | oxygen therapy
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| procedure that uses a lighted bronchoscope inserted through the mouth and larynx to examine the trachea and bronchi | bronchoscopy
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| insert a plastic tube between the ribs and into the thoracic cavity to remove accumulated air, fluid , pus or blood | chest tube insertion
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| procedure to remove part or all of a lung | lung resection
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| uses a needle and a vaccum container to remove pleural fluid frm the pleural space | thoracentesis
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| incision into the thoracic cavity | thoracotomy
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| begins with an incision into the trachea to create an opening | tracheostomy
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| treats respiratory infections caused by bacteria. not useful against viral | antibiotic drugs
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| treat tuberculosis | antitubercular drugs
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| supress the cough center in the brain used to treat chronic bronchitis and nonproductive coughs some contain narcotics | antitussive drugs
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| prevent and treat influenza virus | antiviral drugs
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| dilate constricted airways be relaxing the smooth muscles that surround the bronchioles | bronchodilator drugs
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| block the immune system from causing inflammation in the lung | corticosteroid drugs
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| reduce the thickness of sputum so that it can be coughed up | expectorant drugs
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| block leukotriene which causes inflammation and edema | leukotriene receptor blocker
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| stabilize moast cells and prevent them from releasing histamine that causes bronchospasm during an allergic reaction | mast cell stabilizer drugs
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| bind to nicotine receptors and prevent them from bring activated by nicotine from smoking | stop smoking drugs
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