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pulmonology
physiology, anatomy, diseases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| consists of right and left lungs and air passage ways that connect the lungs to the outside of the body | respiratory system |
| in the head and neck. includes the nose nasal cavity and pharynx | upper respiratory system |
| includes the larynx and trachea. in the neck, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli in the lungs | lower respiratory system |
| to bring oxygen in the body and expel carbon dioxide (waste) | purpose of the respiratory system |
| pertaining to | -atory |
| contains the nasal cavity | nose |
| a wall of cartilage and bone | nasal septum |
| one side of the cavity are 3 long bony projections | superior, middle and inferior |
| lined with mucosa | nasal cavity |
| warms and humidifies the air and produces mucus | mucus membranes |
| dividing wall; septum | sept/o- |
| scroll like structure; turbinate | turbin/o- |
| mucous membrane | mucos/o- |
| mucus | muc/o- |
| posteriorly the nasal cavities merges with the | pharynx |
| the area of the throat that is posterior to the nasal cavity | nasopharynx |
| the area of the throat that is posterior to the oral cavity | oropharynx |
| posterior to the larynx | laryngopharynx |
| inferior end divides into 2 parts | larynx |
| leads to the trachea | larynx |
| leads to the stomach | esophagus |
| a lid like structure seals off the opening so that swallowed food goes into the esophagus | epiglottis |
| below the vocal cords the larynx merges into the | trachea |
| flexible and can flatten | trachea |
| or/o- | mouth |
| glott/o- | glottis of the larynx |
| the central opening n the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles through which air passes | lumen |
| refers to the bronchi and the lungs | bronchopulmonary |
| small hairs in the nose | cilia |
| spongy air filled structures | lungs |
| large divisions whose dividing lines are visible on the outer surface of the lung | lobes |
| is larger and has how many lobes | right and 3 |
| the 3 lobes of the right lung | upper, middle, lower |
| has only 2 lobes | left lung |
| the 2 lobes of the left lung are called | upper and lower |
| the rounded top of each lung | apex |
| an indentation on the medial surface of the lung | hilum |
| a hollow sphere of cells that expands and contracts with each breath | alveolus |
| the funtional part of the lungs | parenchyma |
| a protein fat compound that reduces surface tension | surfactant |
| bony cage that consists of the sternum | thorax |
| irregulary shaped area that contains the trachea | mediastinum |
| sheet of skeletal muscle, lie along the inferior border | diaphragm |
| double layered serous membrane | pleura |
| the layer next to the lungs surfaace | visceral pleura |
| the layer next to the wall of the thoracic cavity | parietal pleura |
| slippery, watery fluid that allows the 2 layers to the side smoothly pass each other | pleural fluid |
| consists of breathing in and out | respirations |
| the brain regulate the depth and rate of repiration | respiratory control centers |
| having normal depth and rate of repirations | eupnea |
| movement of air in and out the lungs | ventilation |
| movement of oxygen from inhaled air into the alveoli and then into the blood | external respiration |
| transport of oxygen and carbon dioxidde in the blood | gas transport |
| movement of oxygen from the blood into the cells | internal respirations |
| oxygen is used by the cell to produce energy in the process of metabolism | cellular respiration |
| large internal organs | viscer/o- |
| wall of a cavity | pariet/o- |
| lung membrane | pleur/o- |
| pector/o- steth/o- | chest |
| capn/o- | carbon dioxide |
| pne/o- | breathing |
| hal/o- | breath |
| metabol/o- | change; tranformation |
| ox/y- | oxygen |
| gen/o- | arising from; produced by |
| glob/o- | comprehensive; shaped like a globe |
| ventil/o- | movement of air |
| cellul/o- | cell |
| infect/o- | disease within |
| ectasis | condition of dilation |
| atel/o- | incomplete |
| chron/o- | time |
| obstruct/o- | blocked by a barrier |
| em- | in |
| phys/o- | distend; grow; inflate |
| -ema | condition |
| abbreviation for upper respiratory infection | URI |
| bacterial or viral infection of the nose and or throat. | upper respiratory infection |
| hyper reactivity of the bronchi and bronchioles with bronchospasm. | asthma |
| prolonged extremely severe life threatening asthma attack | status asthmacticus |
| acute or chronic inflammation or infection of the bronchi | bronchitis |
| chronic permanent enlargement and loss of elasticity | bronchiectasis |
| normal ispiration sounds like a soft wind rushing through a tunnel | abnormal breath sounds |
| a severe infection, extensive burns, or injury to the lungs | adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) |
| incomplete expansion or collapse of part or all of a drug that blocks the bronchus | atelectasis |
| combo of chronic bronchitis and emphysema | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
| hereditary, eventually fatal disease caused by a recessive gene | cystic fibrosis |
| localized collection of purulent material in the thoracic cavity from an infection in the lungs | empyema |
| acute viral infection of the upper and lower respiratory system | influenza |
| severe sometimes fatal bacteria infection | legionnaires disease |
| cancerous tumor of the lungs that is more common in smokers | lung cancer |
| constant exposure to inhaled particules | occupational lung disease |
| coal miners lung or black lung | anthracosis |
| caused by abestos fibers | asbestosis |
| infection of some or all the lobes of the lungs | pneumonia |
| caused by foreign matter that is inhaled into the lungs | aspiration pnuemonia |
| caused by bacteria | bacterial pnuemonia |
| affects the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli in the lung | broncho pnuemonia |
| in both lungs | double pnuemonia |
| bladder | cyst/o- |
| fiber | fibr/o- |
| cancer | cancer/o- |
| cancer; intentionally causing harm | malign/o- |
| gland | aden/o- |
| coal | anthrac/o- |
| dust | coni/o- |
| lobe of an organ | lob/o- |
| spherical bacterium | cocc/o- |
| virus | vir/o- |
| embolus; occluding plug | embol/o- |
| tuberculosis | tubercul/o- |
| nodule | tuber/o- |
| pouring out | effus/o- |
| breathing | -pnea pne/o- |
| chest | pector/o- |
| condition of coughing up | -ptysis |
| sudden sharp attack | paroxysm/o- |
| straight | orth/o- |
| fast | tachy |
| around | circum- |
| carbon dioxide | capn/o- |
| condition of the blood | -emia |
| sleep | somn/o- |
| radiation, xray | radi/o- |
| cut; layer; slice | tom/o- |
| movement of air | ventil/o- |
| through; throughout | per- |
| listening | auscult/o- |
| tapping | percuss/o- |
| raise up again | resuscit/o- |
| tube | tub/o- |
| person who does | -ator |
| cut out; remove | resect/o- |
| procedure to puncture | -centesis |
| cough | tuss/o- |
| cortex; outer region | cortic/o- |
| affects part or all or just one lobe of the lung | lobar pnuemonia |
| acute caused by bacterium streptococcus | pneumococcal pnuemonia |
| severe pnuemonia caused by the fungus pnuemocystis jiroveci | pneumocystis jiroveci pnuemonia |
| fluid collects in the alveoli | pulmonary edema |
| blockage of a pulmonary artery | pulmonary embolism |
| acute viral respiratory illness that can be fatal | severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) |
| lung infection caused by the bacterium mycobacterium , spread by airborne droplet and coughing | tuberculosis |
| presence of blood in the thoracic cavity usually from tramua | hemothorax |
| accumulation of fluid in the pleural space | pleural effusion |
| inflammation or infection of the pleura due to pnuemonia trauma or a tumor | pleurisy |
| large volume of air in he pleural space | pnuemothorax |
| breif or prolonged absence of spontaneous respirations due to respiratory failure or arrest | -apnea |
| abnormally slow rate of breathing | bradyapnea |
| difficult labored painful respirations due to lung disease | dyspnea |
| need to be proped up to sleep | orthopnea |
| abnormally rapid rate of breathing | tachypnea |
| complete lack of oxygen in the aterial blood and body tissues | anoxia |
| bluish-gray discolortion of the skin | cyanosis |
| very high level of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood | hypercapnia |
| very low level of oxygen in the arterial blood | hypoxema |
| blood test to measure partial pressure and gases and co2 in arterial blood | arterial blood gases |
| blood test to measure level of carbon monoxide in the blood | carboxyhemoglobin |
| to measure degree of oxygen | oximetry |
| procedure to measure capacity of the lungs and the volume of air during inhale and exhale | pulmonary function test |
| to breath in is called inhale and | inspiration |
| to breath out is called exhale and | expiration |
| to see if have sleep apnea and whats casuing it | sleep study |
| test to identify which bacterium is causing a pulmonary infection | sputum culture and sensitivity |
| test to detemine if paitent has been exposed to be | tuberculosis test |
| radiologic procedure that uses xrays to create image of the lungs | chest radiography |
| radiologic procedures that scan a narrow slice of tissue | cat, ct, mri |
| nuclear medicine procedure that uses inhaled radioactive gas to show air flow in the lungs | lung scan |
| uses a stethoscope to listen to breath sounds | auscultstion and percussion |
| to ventilate the lungs and circulate the blood if patient has quit breathing | cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) |
| an endotracheal tube is inserted | endotracheal intubation |
| medical device to encourage patients to breatj deeply to prevent atelectasis | incentive spirometry |
| procedure to provide additional oxygen to patients with pulmonary disease | oxygen therapy |
| procedure that uses a lighted bronchoscope inserted through the mouth and larynx to examine the trachea and bronchi | bronchoscopy |
| insert a plastic tube between the ribs and into the thoracic cavity to remove accumulated air, fluid , pus or blood | chest tube insertion |
| procedure to remove part or all of a lung | lung resection |
| uses a needle and a vaccum container to remove pleural fluid frm the pleural space | thoracentesis |
| incision into the thoracic cavity | thoracotomy |
| begins with an incision into the trachea to create an opening | tracheostomy |
| treats respiratory infections caused by bacteria. not useful against viral | antibiotic drugs |
| treat tuberculosis | antitubercular drugs |
| supress the cough center in the brain used to treat chronic bronchitis and nonproductive coughs some contain narcotics | antitussive drugs |
| prevent and treat influenza virus | antiviral drugs |
| dilate constricted airways be relaxing the smooth muscles that surround the bronchioles | bronchodilator drugs |
| block the immune system from causing inflammation in the lung | corticosteroid drugs |
| reduce the thickness of sputum so that it can be coughed up | expectorant drugs |
| block leukotriene which causes inflammation and edema | leukotriene receptor blocker |
| stabilize moast cells and prevent them from releasing histamine that causes bronchospasm during an allergic reaction | mast cell stabilizer drugs |
| bind to nicotine receptors and prevent them from bring activated by nicotine from smoking | stop smoking drugs |
Created by:
arodeheaver29
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