Female Reproductive System Combing forms and more
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| amni/o | amnion | amniocentesis--
amniotic fluid--Produced by fetal membranes and the fetus.
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| bartholin/o | Bartholin gland | bartholinitis--A Bartholin cyst is a fluid-filled sac caused by blockage of a duct from the Bartholin gland. If bacterial infection occurs, an abscess may form.
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| cervic/o | cervix, neck | endocervicitis --
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| chori/o, chorion/o | chorion | chorionic--
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| colp/o | vagina | colposcopy--
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| culd/o | cul-de-sac | culdocentesis--A needle is placed through the posterior wall of the vagina and
fluid is withdrawn for diagnostic purposes.
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| episi/o | vulva | episiotomy--An incision through the skin of the perineum enlarges the vaginal orifice for delivery. The incision is repaired by perineorrhaphy.
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| galact/o | milk | galactorrhea--Abnormal, persistent discharge of milk, commonly seen with
pituitary gland tumors.
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| gynec/o | woman, female | gynecomastia--Enlargement of breasts in a male. It often occurs with puberty or aging, or the condition can be drug-related.
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| hyster/o | uterus, womb | hysterectomy--Total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) is removal of the entire uterus (including the cervix) through an abdominal incision.
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| hyster/o continued... | uterus, womb | Vaginal hysterectomy (VH) is removal through the vagina. Laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy is a partial hysterectomy that preserves the cervix.
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| hyster/o continued... | uterus, womb | hysteroscopy--A gynecologist uses an endoscope (passed through the vagina and
cervix) to view the uterine cavity.
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| lact/o | milk | lactation--The normal secretion of milk.
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| mamm/o | breast | inframammary--Infra- means below
mammoplasty--Includes reduction and augmentation (enlargement) operations.
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| mast/o | breast | mastitis--Usually caused by streptococcal or staphylococcal infection.
mastectomy--Mastectomy procedures are discussed under carcinoma of the breast
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| men/o | menses, menstruation | amenorrhea--Absence of menses for 6 months or 4 more than 3 of the patient ’ s normal menstrual cycles.
dysmenorrhea--
oligomenorrhea--Infrequent menstrual periods or scanty menses.
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| men/o continued... | menses, menstruation | menorrhagia--Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods. Fibroids are leading cause of menorrhagia.
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| metr/o, metri/o | uterus | metrorrhagia--Bleeding between menses. Possible causes of metrorrhagia include
ectopic pregnancy, cervical polyps, and ovarian and uterine tumors.
menometrorrhagia--Excessive uterine bleeding during and between menstrual periods.
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| my/o, myom/o | muscle, muscle tumor | myometrium--
myomectomy--Removal of fibroids (myomas) from the uterus.
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| nat/i | birth | neonatal--
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| obstetr/o | pregnancy and childbirth | obstetrics--From the Latin obstetrix, midwife.
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| o/o | egg | oogenesis--
oocyte--Immature ovum.
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| oophor/o | ovary | oophorectomy--Oophor/o means to bear (phor/o) eggs (o/o). In a bilateral
oophorectomy, both ovaries are removed.
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| ov/o | egg | ovum--Mature egg cell
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| ovari/o | ovary | ovarian--
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| ovul/o | egg | anovulatory--
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| perine/o | perineum | perineorrhaphy--
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| phor/o | to bear | oophoritis--
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| salping/o | fallopian tubes | salpingectomy--
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| uter/o | uterus | uterine prolapse--
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| vagin/o | vagina | vaginal orifice--An orifice is an opening.
vaginitis--Bacteria and yeasts (usually Candida ) commonly cause this infection. Use of antibiotic therapy may cause loss of normal vaginal bacteria, resulting in an environment allowing yeast to grow.
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| vulv/o | vulva | vulvovaginitis--
vulvodynia--Chronic pain (with no identifi able cause) that affects the vulvar
area (labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening).
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| SUFFIXES |
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| -arche | beginning | menarche--
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| -cyesis | pregnancy | pseudocyesis--Pseudo- means false. No pregnancy exists, but physical changes
such as weight gain and amenorrhea occur
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| -gravida | pregnant | primigravida--A woman during her first pregnancy (primi- means first). Gravida
also is used to designate a pregnant woman, often followed by a number to indicate the number of pregnancies (gravida 1, 2, 3).
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| -parous | bearing, bringing forth | primiparous--An adjective describing a woman who has given birth to at least
one child. Para also is used as a noun, often followed by a number to indicate the number of deliveries after the 20th week of gestation (para 1, para 2, para 3).
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| -rrhea | discharge | leukorrhea--This vaginal discharge is normal or becomes more yellow (purulent or pus-containing) as a sign of infection.
menorrhea--
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| -salpinx | fallopian (uterine) tube | pyosalpinx--
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| -tocia | labor, birth | dystocia--
oxytocia--Oxy- means sharp or quick. The pituitary gland releases oxytocin, which stimulates the pregnant uterus to contract (labor begins). It also stimulates milk secretion from mammary glands.
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| -version | act of turning | cephalic version--The fetus turns so that the head is the body part closest to the
cervix (version can occur spontaneously or can be performed by the obstetrician).
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| -version continued... | act of turning | Fetal presentation is the manner in which the fetus appears to the examiner during delivery. A breech presentation is buttocks fi rst, or feet first in a footling breech; a
cephalic presentation is head first.
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| PREFIXES |
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| dys- | painful | dys pareunia--(d ĭ s-p ă -ROO-n ē - ă .) Pareunia means sexual intercourse
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| endo- | within | endometritis--Usually caused by a bacterial infection.
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| in- | in | involution of the uterus--Vol- means to roll. The uterus returns to its normal nonpregnant size.
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| intra- | within | intrauterine device-
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| multi- | many | multipara--
multigravida--A woman who has been pregnant more than once.
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| nulli- | no, not, none | nulligravida--
nullipara--
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| pre- | before | prenatal--
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| primi- | first | primipara--
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| retro- | backward | retroversion--The uterus is abnormally tilted backward. This occurs in 30% of
women.
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