A&P Chapter 17 Dr.Cutler
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| Somatic Senses | Body
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| Visceral Senses | Organs
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| Special Senses | Smell, Taste, Vision, Hearing and Balance
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| Ophthamology | Science of eyes and their disorders
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| Otolaryngology | Science of ears, nose, pharynx, and larynx and their disorders
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| Chemical Sense | Sensations arise from interaction of molecules with smell or taste receptors
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| Chemical Sense is detected by the | Nose or Tongue only when dissolved
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| Both smell and taste go directly to the | Limbic System ('lizard' brain)
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| Humans can see only | Visible light wavelengths 400-700 nm
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| Accessory Structures of the Eye | Eyelids, Eyelashes, Eyebrows, Lacrimal (tear ducts) apparatus, and Extrinsic (outer) eye muscles
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| Eyelids (Palpebrae) | Protect & Lubricate eyes
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| Palperbral Fissure | Opening between the upper and lower eyelids
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| Eyelashes & Eyebrows | Prevents harmful bacteria from getting inside eye
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| Sty | Bacterial infection of sebaceous glands at the base of the eyelashes
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| Lacrimal Apparatus | Structures that produce and drain tears
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| Extrinsic eye muscles | Six muscles that extend from bony orbit, attached to the sclera
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| Strabismus (Tropia) | When one of the eye muscles fails
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| Lacrimal Fluid | Tears
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| Lacrimal Glands | Secrete tears through ducts
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| Lacrimal Canaliculi | Drain tears at medial corner
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| Nasolacrimal Sac and Duct | Drain tears to nasal cavity
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| Lysozyme | Bactericidal enzyme in the lacrimal fluid
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| 3 layers of the Eyeball | Fibrous Tunic, Vascular Tunic, and Retina
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| Fibrous Tunic contains the | Sclera and Cornea
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| Vascular Tunic contains the | Choroid, ciliary body and iris
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| Retina contains the | Neural Layer
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| Choroid | Under the Sclera, Promotes Melanin
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| Ciliary Body | Ciliary muscle contracts lens
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| Iris ('Rainbow') | Colored portion of eyeball, lies over lens
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| Pupil | Center hole of the iris
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| Retina | Lines posterior 2/3 of eyeball, begins at Optic Nerve CN II
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| Optic Disc | Optic Nerve exits eye, Blind Spot
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| Rods and Cones | Night Vision and Color
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| Fovea Centralis | Only Cones-Central Focus
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| Bright Light | Pupil Constricts
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| Dim Light | Pupil Dilates
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| Blind Spot | Optic Disc
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| Night Blindness | Loss of Rods at periphery of retina
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| Crystallin Proteins | Focus light onto the retina
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| Cataracts | Mutation to the crystallin proteins
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| Aqueous Humor (Front) | Fills anterior cavity in front of lens
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| Glaucoma occurs in the | Aqueous Humor
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| Vitreous Humor (Back) | Fills posterior cavity behind lens
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| Vitreous body | Jellylike substance that hold retina against the choroid
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| Intraocular Pressure | Produced by humors, maintains eyeshape
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| Too much pressure in the Aqueous Humor | Glaucoma
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| Accommodation | Fewing objects closer than 20 feet
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| Convergence | Eyeballs move medially
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| Rhodopsin are in | Rods
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| Retinal are in | Cones
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| Pigments for Rods | Rhodopsin
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| Pigments for Cones | Retinal
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| 3 Main Regions of the Ear | Outer, Middle and Inner Ear
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| Outer Ear | Tunnel that collects and channels sound waves
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| Middle Ear | Lever System that amplifies sound waves in the ear canal by 20x
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| Inner Ear | Convert sound waves to electricity and send it to brain for interpretation
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| Auricle (pinna) | Visible ear that channels sound in the outer ear
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| Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum) | Thin, strong round sheet that vibrates in response to incoming sound waves
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| Ossicles | Malleus, Incus, and Stapes
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| Oval Window | Separates middle from inner ear at stapes
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| Auditory Tube | Runs to the Nasopharynx, Permits equalizing of air pressure between nasal cavity and middle ear during swallowing
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| Middle Ear is filled with what | Air
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| Muscles in the Middle Ear | Tensor Tympani and Stapedius
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| Tensor Tympani | Protects inner ear from loud noises by decreasing vibration in the eardrum
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| Stapedius | Decreases movement of stapes on the oval window
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| Bony Labyrinth (outer shell) | Filled with perilymph
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| Membranous Labyrinth (inner shell) | Fiilled with endolymph
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| Vestibule function | Balance
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| Utricle | Little Bag for balance
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| Saccule | Little Sac for balance
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| Semicircular Canals function | Balance in 3 different planes
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| Ampulla | Enlargement at the bottom of each semicircular canal
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| Cohlea | 'Snail Tail', used to hear
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| Cochlear ducts are filled with | Endolymph
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| Inner Ear Hearing Organs | Cochlear Ducts
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| Basilar Membrane | Inside Cochlear ducts
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| Tectorial Membrane | Covers hair cells and transmit vibrations from lymph
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| Hair Cells | Transmit vibrations of tectorial membrane
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| Static equilibrium in the Vestibule | Maintain the body position relative to Gravity
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| Dynamic Equilibrium int he Semi-Circular Canals | Maintain the body position despite sudden movements
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