face, scalp, and cranial cavity
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| what is the main cutaneous nerve to the face? | trigeminal
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| what are the four major cutaneous branches of the trigeminal n? | supraorbital-infraorbital-mental-auriculotemporal
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| what divisions of the trigeminal do the supraorbital-inftaorbital-mental-and auriculotemporal nerve come from? | supraorbital=(V1)infraorbital=(V2)mental(V3)auriculotemporal(V3)
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| which nerve supplies cutaneous sensation to the chin and lower lip? | mental(V3)
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| which 2 nerves help with innervation to supply the scalp? | auriculotemporal & supraorbital
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| are the muscles of facial expression voluntary or involuntary? | voluntary
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| muscles of facial expression are innervated by which nerve? | CN 7 facial
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| what are the four facial muscles that are associated with the opening of the eye?BE SPECIFIC | orbicularis oculli(orbital part & palpebral part)-corrugator supercilli-frontalis-procerus
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| which facial expression muscles are associated with the nose? | nasalis(transverse part & alar part)
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| what are the 2 main functions of the nasalis muscle? | compress and dialate the nostrils
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| what are the upper mouth muscles of facial expression? | levator labii superioris alaeque nasi-levator labii superioris-levator anguli oris-zygomaticus major & minor
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| which muscle(s) are used to smile? | zygomaticus major and minor
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| what are the lower mouth muscles of facial expression? | depressor anguli oris-depressor labii-mentalis
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| which facial muscle is the "pouting muscle?" | mentalis
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| which facial muscle is both an upper and lower mouth muscle? | orbicularis oris
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| which facial muscleholds food between the teeth during chewing? | buccinator
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| what happens inside the mouth if the buccinator muscle is paralyzed? | the buccal mucose on the inside slips and is caught between the teeth during chewing resulting in lacerations
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| what are the 7 nerves branches from the facial that innervate the facial muscles?(to zanzibar by motor car) | nerve to stylohyoid-posterior digastric-temporal-zygomatic-buccal-marginal mandibular-cervical
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| a lower motor neuron lesion to the facial nerve will result in? | paralysis to the ipsilateral muscles of facial expression
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| what is parotiditis? and what can cause it? | infection and inflammation of the parotid gland resulting in pain. caused by mumps
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| the parotid gland secretes into the ____ via the _____? | oral cavity parotid duct
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| what type of innervation does the parotid gland recive and from which CN? | parasympathetic that originates from the glossopharyngeal
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| what 4 structures transverse the parotid gland? | facial nerve-retromandibular vein-external carotid arteries-auriculotemporal nerve
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| what can cause cavernous sinus thrombosis? | infection in the facial vein and its tributaries that have connnections to the cavernous sinus
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| what can an abscessed tooth cause? | a fatal cavernous sinus thrombosis
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| what is an abscessed tooth? | a bacterial infection at the root of the tooth or the gums that resutls in a collection of pus
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| what are the 5 layers of the scalp? | skin-connective tissue(dense)-aponeurotic layer-loose connective tissue-pericranium
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| which layer of the scalp holds an abundance of blood vessels? | dense connective tissue
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| a gaping of wounds to the head would be caused by the? | pull of the epicranial aponeurosis causes a coronal laceration to allow the frontalis and occipital bellies to pull apart
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| which layer of the scalp is the danger area and why? | the loose connective tissue layer because infection can spead from here to intracranial sinuses via emissary veins.
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| what can cause a dural venous sinus thrombosis and/or meningitis | inffection spread from the loose connective tissue layer to the intracranial sinuses
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| black eyes may result from? | the blood that is allowed to spread anteriorly from a forehead wound in the loose connective tissue layer
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| which layer of the scalp is detached in a scalping injury? | loose connective tissue layer
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| what are the three parts of the cranial vault? | external table of compact bone-central layer of cancelous bone-internal table of compact bone
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| innervation to the scalp is from which two nerves? | (V1) and greater occipital nerve
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| the blood supply to the scalp is by branches of the _____ artery and ______ artery? | opthalmic and external carotid
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| what are the three arterial branches from the external carotid that supply the scalp? | superficial temporal-posterior auricular-occipital
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| sites where cranial sutures intersect are known as? | fontanelles
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| what are the two fontanelles? | anterior"soft spot" and posterior
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| what are the three layers of the meninges that enclose the brain? (the PAD) | dura mater-arachnoid matter-pia matter
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| which meningeal layer is adherent to the brain? | pia mater
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| what are the 2 layers of the dura mater | periosteal and meningeal layer
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| where is the sub-arachnoid space? | between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater
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| where is CSF found and what is CSF produced by? | CSF is found in the sub-arachnoid space and produced by the choroid plexus
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| how do the supratentorial compartment and the infratentorial compartment communicate with one another? | through the tentorial notch
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| what are the five dural venous sinuses that drain most of the blood from the brain? | superior sagittal-inferior sagittal-straight sinus-transverse-sigmoid sinus
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| what does the sigmoid sinus become as it exits the cranial cavity | internal jugular vein
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| the cavernous sinus has connections to the _____veins which allows the spead of infection from the danger area | opthalmic
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| which artery and nerve run through the cavernous sinus? | internal carotid artery and abducent nerve
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