Chp 5
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| acetabulum | cup shaped depression in the hip bone into which the top of the femur fits
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| acromion | part of the scapula that connects to the clavicle
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| atlas | first cervical vertebrae
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| axis | second cervical vertebrae
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| bone | hard connective tissue that forms the skeleton of the body
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| bursa | sac lined with a synovial membrane that fills the spaces between tendons and joints
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| calcaneus | heel bone
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| calcium | mineral important in the formation of bone
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| cardiac muscle | striated involuntary muscle of the heart
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| carpus, carpal bone | wrist, wrist bone
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| cartilage | flexible connective tissue found in joints, fetal skeleton, and the lining of various parts of the body
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| cartilaginous disk | thick, circular mass of cartilage between the vertebrae of the spinal column
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| cervical vertebrae | seven vertebrae of the spinal column located in the neck
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| clavicle | curved bone of the shoulder that joins to the scapula; collar bone
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| coccyx | small hone consisting of four fused vertebrae at the end of the spinal column; tailbone
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| condyle | rounded surface at the end of a bone
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| crest | bony ridge
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| endosteum | lining of the medullary cavity
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| fascia | sheet of fibrous tissue that encloses muscles
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| femur | long bone of the thigh
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| fibula | smallest long bone of the lower leg
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| fissure | deep furrow or slit
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| fossa | depression, as in a bone
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| heel | back, rounded portion of the foot
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| humerus | long bone of the arm connecting to the scapula on top and the radius and ulna at the bottom
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| ilium | wide portion of the hip bone
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| joint | place of joining between two or more bones
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| ligament | sheet of fibrous tissue connecting and supporting bones; attaches bone to bone
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| mandible | u-shaped bone of the lower jaw
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| marrow | connective tissue filling the medullary cavity, often rich in nutrients
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| maxillary bone | bone of the upper jaw
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| metacarpal | one of five bones of the hand between the wrist and the fingers
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| netaphysis | section of a long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis
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| metatarsal bones | bones of the foot between the instep (arch) and the toes
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| muscle | contractile tissue that plays a major role in body movement
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| musculoskeletal system | system of the body including the muscles and skeleton
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| nasal bone | bones that form the bridge of the nose
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| nasal cavity | cavity on either side of the nasal septum
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| osteoblast | cell that forms bone
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| osteoclast | large cell that reabsorbs and removes osseous tissue
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| osteocyte | bone cell
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| patella | large, sesamoid bone that forms the kneecap
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| pelvis | cup-shaped ring of bone and ligaments at the base of the trunk
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| phalanges | long bones of the fingers and toes
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| pubes | anteroinferior portion of the hip bone
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| radius | shorter bone of the forearm
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| sacrum | next to last spinal vertebra made up of five fused bones; vertebrae that forms the shoulder blade
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| scapula | large flat bone that forms the shoulder blade
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| sesamoid bone | bone formed in a tendon over a joint
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| sternum | long flat bone that forms the midline of the anterior of the thorax
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| suture | joining of two bone parts with a fibrous membrane
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| synovial fluid | fluid that serves to lubricate joints
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| tendon | fibrous band that connects muscle to bone or other structure
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| thoracic vertebrae | twelve vertebrae of the chest area
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| thorax | part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; chest
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| tibia | larger of the two lower leg bones
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| tubercle | slight bone elevation to which a ligament or muscle may be attached
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| ulna | larger bone of the forearm
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| vertebra | one of the bony segments of the spinal column
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| vitamin D | Vitamin important to the formation of bone
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| vomer | flat bone forming the nasal septum
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| zygomatic | bone that forms the cheek
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| acetabul(o) | acetabulum
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| acromi(o) | end point of the scapula
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| ankyl(o) | bent, crooked
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| arthr(o) | joint
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| brachi(o) | arm
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| burs(o) | bursa
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| calcane(o) | heel
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| calci(o) | calcium
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| carp(o) | wrist
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| cephal(o) | head
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| cervic(o) | neck
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| chondr(o) | cartilage
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| condyl(o) | knob, knuckle
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| cost(o) | rib
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| crani(o) | skull
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| dactyl(o) | fingers, toes
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| fasci(o) | fascia
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| femor(o) | femur
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| fibr(o) | fiber
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| humer(o) | humerus
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| ili(o) | ilium
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| ischi(o) | ischium
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| kyph(o) | hump; bent
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| lamin(o) | lamina
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| leiomy(o) | smooth muscle
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| lumb(o) | lumbar
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| maxill(o) | upper jaw
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| metacarp(o) | metacarpal
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| my(o) | muscle
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| myel(o) | spinal cord; bone marrow
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| oste(o) | bone
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| patell(o) | knee
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| ped(i), ped(o) | foot
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| pelv(i) | pelvis
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| phalang(o) | finger or toe bone
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| pod(o) | food
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| pub(o) | pubis
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| rachi(o) | spine
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| radi(o) | forearm bone
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| rhabd(o) | rod-shaped
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| rhabdomy(o) | striated muscle
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| scapul(o) | scapula
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| scoli(o) | curved
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| spondyl(o) | vertebrae
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| stern(o) | sternum
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| synov(o) | synovial membrane
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| tars(o) | tarsus
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| ten(o), tend(o), tendin(o) | tendon
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| thorac(o) | thorax
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| tibi(o) | tibia
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| uln(o) | ulna
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| vertebr(o) | vertebra
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| B | bilateral
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| CTS | Carpal tunnel syndrome
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| DJD | degenerative joint disease
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| DTR | deep tendon reflex
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| Fx | fracture
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| L1, L2, etc | first lumbar vertebra, second lumbar vertebrae, etc
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| NSAID | nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drug
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| OA | osteoarthritis
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| RA | rheumatoid arthritis
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| ROM | Range of motion
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| TMJ | Temporomandibular joint
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| arthroscopy | examination with an instrument that explores the interior of a joint
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| chiropractor | health care professional who works to align the spinal column so as to treat certain ailments
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| goniometer | instrument that measures angles or range of motion in a joint
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| orthopedist | physician who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the musculoskeletal system
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| osteopath | physician who combines manipulative treatment with conventional therapeutic measures
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| podiatrist | medical specialist who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the foot
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| rheumatologist | physician who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the joints and musculoskeletal system
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| uric acid test | test for acid content in urine; elevated levels may indicate gout
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| arthralgia | severe joint pain
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| arthritis | any of various conditions involving joint inflammation
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| bony necrosis | death of portions of bone
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| bunion | an inflamed bursa at the foot joint, between the big toe and the first metatarsal bone
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| bursitis | inflammation of a bursa
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| calcar | spur
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| carpal tunnel syndrome | pain and paresthesia in the hand due to repetitive motion injury of the median nerve
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| comminuted fracture | fracture with shattered bones
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| crepitation, crepitus | noise made by rubbing together of bones
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| degenerative arthritis | arthritis with erosion of the cartilage
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| exostosis | abnormal bone growth capped with cartilage
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| flaccid | without tone; relaxed
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| fracture | a break, especially in a bone
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| gout | inflammation of the joints; usually caused by uric acid crystals
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| greenstick fracture | fracture with twisting or bending of the bone but no breaking; usually occurs in children
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| hairline fracture | fracture with no bone separation or fragmentation
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| hypotonia | abnormally reduced muscle tension
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| leiomyosarcoma | malignant tumor of smooth muscle
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| muscular dystrophy | progressive degenerative disorder affecting the musculoskeletal system and, later, other organs
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| myalgia | muscle pain
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| myeloma | bone marrow tumor
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| myoma | benign muscle tumor
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| osteoarthritis | arthritis with loss of cartilage
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| osteodynia | bone pain
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| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone marrow and surrounding bone
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| osteoporosis | degenerative thinning of bone
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| rickets | disease of the skeletal system, usually caused by vit D deficiency
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| rigor | stiffening
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| spasm | sudden, involuntary muscle contraction
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| spinal bifida | congenital defect with deformity of the spinal column
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| spur | bony projection growing out of a bone, calcar
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| subluxation | partial dislocation, as between joint surfaces
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| talipes varus | foot deformity characterized by inversion of the foot
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| amputation | cutting off of a limb or part of a limb
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| arthroplasty | surgical replacement or repair of a joint
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| bunionectomy | removal of a bunion
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| bursectomy | removal of a bursa
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| osteotomy | cutting of bone
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| spondylosyndesis | fusion of two or more spinal column
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| tenotomy | surgical cutting of a tendon
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| analgesic | agent that relieves pain
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| anti-inflammatory (corticosteriod) | agent that reduces inflammation
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| muscle relaxant | agent that relieves muscle stiffness
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| narcotic | agent that relieves pain by affecting the body in ways that are similar to opium
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| nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) | agent that reduces inflammation without the use of steroids
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