Erector spinae, Transversospinalis, cervical
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| What are the two types of spinal muscles? | -Erector Spinae
-Transversospinalis
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| Erector Spinae | -Iliocostalis
-Longissimus
-Spinalis
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| Transversospinalis | -Intertransversarii
-Multifidi
-Rotatores
-Interspinales
-Semispinalis
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| Iliocostalis- Cervicis origin? | Angle of Rib (T3-T6)
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| Iliocostalis- Cervicis insertion? | Transverse process of C4-C6
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| Iliocostalis- Cervicis action? | Lateral flexion, rotation of cervical spine
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| Iliocostalis- Cervicis nerve? | Cervical nerve
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| Iliocostalis- Thoracis origin? | Angle of Rib (T12-T7)
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| Iliocostalis- Thoracis insertion? | Upper edge of the RibT1-T6
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| Iliocostalis- Thoracis action? | Lateral flexion, rotation of spine, depression of ribs
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| Iliocostalis- Thoracis nerve? | Thoracic nerve
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| Iliocostalis- Lumborum origin? | Iliac crest, Tendon from pelvis and lumbar transverse process
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| Iliocostalis- Lumborum insertion? | Angle of the Rib T7-T12
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| Iliocostalis- Lumborum action? | trunk extension and rotation
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| Iliocostalis- Lumborum nerve? | Lumbar nerve
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| Longissimus- Capitis origin? | C4-T7
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| Longissimus- Capitis insertion? | Mastoid process
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| Longissimus- Capitis action? | Trunk and head lateral flexion
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| Longissimus- Capitis nerve? | Dorsal rami spinal nerves (C1-L5)
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| Longissimus- Cervicis origin? | T1-T5 (TP)
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| Longissimus- Cervicis insertion? | C2- C6 transverse process
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| Longissimus- Cervicis action? | trunk and head extension and rotation of head on same side
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| Longissimus- Cervicis nerve? | dorsal rami spinal nerves (C1-L5)
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| Longissimus- Thoracis origin? | Transverse process and iliac crest L1-L5
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| Longissimus- Thoracis insertion? | Ribs 3-12
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| Longissimus- Thoracis action? | Rib depression in the thoracic segment
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| Longissimus- Thoracis nerve? | dorsal rami spinal nerves C1-L5
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| Spinalis- Thoracis origin? | T11-12, L1-2; Spinous process
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| Spinalis- Thoracis insertion? | T4-T8; spinous process
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| Spinalis- Thoracis action? | Extension & Lateral flexion of the spine
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| Spinalis- Thoracis nerve? | Dorsal rami spinal nerves (T6-T9)
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| Spinalis- Cervicis origin? | C4-T6; spinous process
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| Spinalis- Cervicis insertion? | C2-C4; spinous process
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| Spinalis- Cervicis action? | Extension & Lateral flexion of the spine
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| Spinalis- Cervicis nerve? | Dorsal Rami spinal nerves T6-T9
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| Rotatores origin-insertion? | Transverse to body, Spans 1 joint/ adjacent vertebra
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| Rotatores action? | -Bilateral extension/flexion
-Ipsilateral lateral flexion
-Cotralateral rotation
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| Rotatores nerve? | dorsal rami C1-L5 nerve branches
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| Multifidus origin? | Transverse process
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| Multifidus Insertion? | Spinous Process; spans 2-3 joints
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| Multifidus action? | -Bilateral extension
-Ipsilateral lateral flexion
-Contralateral rotation
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| Multifidus nerve? | Dorsal rami C1-L5 nerve branches
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| Intertransversarii origin? | Adjacent transverse process of vertebras (CTL)
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| Intertransversarii insertion? | Transverse process of vertebra
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| Intertransversarii action? | Lateral flexion of the neck and trunk
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| Intertransversarii nerve? | Dorsal rami of the cervical, thoracic, an dlumbar spinal nerves
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| Semispinalis- Capitis origin? | C4-C7 articular process, T1-T6 transverse process
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| Semispinalis- Capitis insertion? | Occipital bone
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| Semispinalis- Capitis action? | -Bilateral extension at neck and trunk
-Ipsilateral lateral flexion at neck and trunk
-Rotation (Capitits &Cervicis)
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| Semispinalis- Capitis nerve? | Dorsal rami of capitis
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| Semispialis- Cervicis origin? | T1-T6 transverse process
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| Semispialis- Cervicis insertion? | C2-C5 spinous process
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| Semispialis- Cervicis action? | -Bilateral extension at neck and trunk
-Ipsilateral lateral flexion at neck and trunk
-Rotation (Capitits &Cervicis)
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| Semispialis- Cervicis nerve? | Dorsal rami of cervicis
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| Semispialis- Thoracis origin? | T6-T10 transverse process
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| Semispialis- Thoracis insertion? | C6-C7, T1-T4 spinous process
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| Semispialis- Thoracis action? | -Bilateral extension at neck and trunk
-Ipsilateral lateral flexion at neck and trunk
-Rotation (Capitits &Cervicis)
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| Semispialis- Thoracis nerve? | Dorsal rami of thoracis
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| Sternocleidomastoid origin? | -Sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium
-Clavicular head: Medial 1/3 of clavicle
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| Sternocleidomastoid instertion? | Mastoid process of the temportal bone
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| Sternocleidomastoid action? | -Unilaterally: lasteral flexion, rotates head to opposite side
-Bilaterally- Cervical flexion
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| Sternocleidomastoid synergists? | Scalene group, rectus capitis anterior
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| Sternocleidomastoid nerve?** | Vental rami C2, C3
Spinal accessory or cranial nerve XI
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| Longus colli - Inferior oblique origin? | T1-T3 vertebral bodies
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| Longus colli - Inferior oblique insertion? | C5-C7 transverse process
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| Longus colli - superior oblique origin? | Anterior transverse process
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| Longus colli - superior oblique insertion? | Anterior atlas
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| Longus colli - Vertical origin? | Bodies of C5-C7 and T1-T3
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| Longus colli - Vertical insertion? | Bodies C2-C4
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| Longus colli action? | -Bilaterally – Flexes cervical vertebrae
-Unilaterally – Assists in rotation to opposite side
and lateral flexion to same side
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| Longus colli synergist? | scalene group, sternocleidomastoid, longus capitis
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| Longus colli nerve? | Ventral rami C2-C6
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| Longus capitis origin? | C3-C6 transverse process
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| Longus capitis insertion? | occipital bone
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| Longus capitis action? | -Bilaterally – Flexes head
- Unilaterally – Rotates and laterally flexes head to same side
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| Longus capitis synergists? | Longus colli, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes
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| Longus capitis nerve? | Ventral rami C1-C3
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| Scalenus anterior origin? | first rib
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| Scalenus anterior insertion? | Transverse process C3-C6
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| Scalenus anterior action? | -Bilaterally – Flexes head
-Unilaterally – Laterally flexes to same side
and rotates head to opposite side
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| Scalanus anterior reverse origin/insertion action? | Elevates first rib to aid in respiration
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| Scalenus anterior synergists? | Sternocleidomastoid, other scalenes, longus capitis, longus colli
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| Scalenus anterior nerve? | Ventral rami C4-C8 (c8=nerve root)
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| Scalenus medius origin? | First rib
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| Scalenus medius Insertion? | Transverse process C2-C7
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| Scalenus medius Action? | -Bilaterally – Flexes head
-Unilaterally – Laterally flexes to same
side and rotates head to opposite side. Elevates first rib to aid in respiration.
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| Scalenus medius synergists? | Sternocleidomastoid, other scalenes, longus capitis, longus colli
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| Scalenus medius nerve? | Ventral rami C4-C8
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| Scalenus posterior origin? | 2nd rib
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| Scalenus posterior insertion? | C4-C6 transverse process
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| Scalenus posterior action? | Bilateral flexion, contralateral rotation, ipsilateral lateral flexion; Elevates 2nd rib to aid in respiration
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| Scalenus posterior synergists? | Sternocleidomastoid, other scalenes, longus capitis, longus colli
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| Scalenus posterior nerve? | Ventral rami C4-C8.
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| Rectus capitis anterior origin? | Lateral aspect of atlas
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| Rectus capitis anterior insertion? | Occipital bone
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| Rectus capitis anterior action? | -Assists with flexion and lateral flexion of
cervical spine.
-Stabilizes atlanto-occipital joint
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| Rectus capitis anterior synergists? | Sternocleidomastoid, Rectus capitis lateralis, longus colli, longus capitis
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| Rectus capitis anterior nerve? | Ventral rami C1, C2
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| Rectus capitis lateralis origin? | Transverse process of atlas
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| Rectus capitis lateralis insertion? | Jugular proceess of occipital bone
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| Rectus capitis lateralis action? | -Assists with flexion and lateral flexion of head • -Stabilizes atlanto-occipital joint
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| Rectus capitis lateralis synergists? | Rectus capitis anterior, longus capitis, longissimus capitis, semispinalis capitis
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| Rectus capitis lateralis nerve? | Ventral rami C1, C2
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| Rectus capitis posterior major origin? | Spinous orocess of axis C2
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| Rectus capitis posterior major insertion? | Occipital bone
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| Rectus capitis posterior major action? | Extension, lateral flexion, and rotation of head to
same side
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| Recrus capitis posterior major synergists? | Rectus capitis posterior minor, obliquus capitis
superior/inferior, longissimus capitis, semispinalis capitis
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| Recrus capitis posterior major nerve? | Suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1)
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| Recrus capitis posterior minor origin? | Tubercle on posterior arch of atlas
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| Recrus capitis posterior minor insertion? | Occipital bone
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| Recrus capitis posterior minor action? | Extension, lateral flexion
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| Recrus capitis posterior minor synergists? | Rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis superior, longissimus capitis, semispinalis capitis
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| Recrus capitis posterior minor nerve? | Suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1)
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| Obliquus capitis superior origin? | Transverse process of atlas
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| Obliquus capitis superior Insertion? | Occipital bone
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| Obliquus capitis superior Action? | Extension and ipsilateral lateral
flexion of the head
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| Obliquus capitis superior Synergists? | Rectus capitis posterior major and minor, longissimus capitis, semispinalis capitis
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| Obliquus capitis superior Nerve? | Suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1)
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| Obliquus capitis inferior origin? | Spinous process of axis
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| Obliquus capitis inferior insertion? | Transverse process of atlas
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| Obliquus capitis inferior action? | Rotates atlas, turning head to same side
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| Obliquus capitis inferior synergists? | Longissimus capitis, rectus capitis posterior major
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| Obliquus capitis inferior nerve? | Suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1)
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| Splenius capitis origin? | C7-T3 spinous processes
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| Splenius capitis insertion? | Mastoid process
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| Splenius capitis action? | -Bilaterally : extends head
-Unilaterally : laterally flexes
head and rotates head to same side
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| Splenius capitis synergists? | Splenius cervicis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, superior trapezius
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| Splenius capitis nerve? | Dorsal rami of C2-C4
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| Splenius cervicis origin? | T3-T6 spinous processes
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| Splenius cervicis insertion? | C1-C4 transverse processes
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| Splenius cervicis action? | -Bilaterally : extends head and neck
- Unilaterally : laterally flexes and rotates
head to same side
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| Splenius cervicis synergists? | Splenius capitis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, superior trapezius
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| Splenius cervicis nerve? | Dorsal rami C2-C4
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| Spinalis- Capitis origin? | C7 and T1-T7 Transverse process
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| Spinalis- Capitis Insertion? | Occipital bone
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| Spinalis- Capitis Action? | Extension and lateral flexion of the
spine
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| Spinalis- Capitis Nerve? | Dorsal rami spinal nerves (T6-T9)
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