Modern Euro
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| French Revolution | 1789-1815
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| Crisis of French Monarchy was.... | debt, conflict with aristocrats, bad tax
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| Monarchy emerged.... | From 7 years war
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| heaviest tax was on | peasents
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| Parlements | court system
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| René Maupeou | Chancellor who abolished parlements
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| Louis XVI brought back | Parlements
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| Parlements were dominated by | Aristocracy who used Enlightenment terms to defend their cause
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| Marie Antoinette was | Austrian
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| People were ________ towards Marie Antoinette | prurient, misogynist, xenophobic
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| Palace in French countryside | Versailles
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| Jaques Necker | Royal director+general of finances who exposed Aristocrats spending
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| Charles Alexandre de Calonne | encouraged internal trade to lower tax
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| gabelle | tax on salt
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| Charles Loménie Brienne | replaced Charles Alexandre de Calonne
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| First Estates General | Clergy
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| Second Estates General | Nobility
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| Third Estates General | All other adult men in Kingdom
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| The Third Estate would not permit _____ | A Monarchy
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| The Third Estate divided up into_______ | Jaqobins
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| "Third Estate is Everything but they are nothing and they want to be something" | Priest Abbé Siéyes
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| The Third Estate was eventually_____ by the Royal Council | doubled
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| Complaints brought to the Royal Palace | Cahiers de Doléances
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| National Assembly | Third Estate invites nobles and clergy to create NA
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| Constitution made by LouisXVI and 3rd Estate for France | The Oath of the Tennis Court
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| After Tennis Court Oath, National Assembly becomes ____ | Constituent Assembly
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| Marquis de Lafayette led the_______ and founded_______ | Fall of Bastille and founded French colors
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| Moment when Ancien Regime was abolished | The Great Fear
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| during Great Fear, Aristocrats____________ | Surrendered some of their rights
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| After Great Fear, NCA published_______ | The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
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| All citizen after Great Fear were______ | Equal before the Law
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| Rights after Great Fear were______ | liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression
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| Due Process of Law=____ | Presumption of innocence until proven guilty
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| Equal Taxation | For all
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| This challenged social inequalities of life | Civic Equality
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| This allowed people to vote for who ruled them | Popular Sovereignty
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| Parisian Women's March on Versailles | October 5th 7,000 armed women matched on Versailles demanding more bread
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| Price of bread went down after____ | Parisian Women's March on Versailles
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| Citizens Divided into _____ and _____ categories | Active and Passive
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| Active Citizens | men pay taxes=3 days of labor and they could vote
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| Active citizens chose _____ to _______ for members of _______ | electors, vote, legislative
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| 50,000 our of 25 million men qualified for being________ | Electors or members of Legislative
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| ______ wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Women | Olympe de Gouges
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| The Declaration of the Rights of Women was addressed to ______ | Marie Antionette
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| Women should be able to own _______ stated in DRW | Property
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| Départements replaced ____ | French Provinces
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| Economic Policy introduced _____ | The Metric System
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| Assembly took and then sold Church Lands of Roman Catholic Church in France | Confiscation of Church Lands
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| Government bonds that guaranteed value from sale of Church Property were called ______ | The Assignats
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| NCA transformed the Roman Catholic Church into branch of the secular state and bishops and pastors were now employees of the state | The Civil Constitution of the Clergy
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| Leopard II issued monarchs to protect royal family | Declaration of Pillnitz
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| Group that didn't want the king | Girondists
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| Final Defeat of France was the _______ | Battle of Waterloo
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| Women lead by ____ to declare right to bear arms | Pauline Léon
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| group of five men who held the executive power in France according to the constitution | The Directory
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| First French Republic Lasted | 4 years
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| Lower Chamber | Council of 500
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| Upper Chamber | Council of Ancients (over age 40)
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| Bonaparte put down royalist mod with _______ | "with a whiff of a grapeshot"
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| "Learn nothing and Forget Nothing" Shut out Bourbon | Declaration of Verona
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| Corsica, Jacobin, crossed Alps, | Napoleon Bonaparte
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| Bonaparte Established a ______ Republic in Po Valley | "Cisalpine"
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| Prospects for Peace | Royalists Were the Peace Party
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| The _______ attempted to fix internal/external problems in France | Coup d'état of Fructidor
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| The ______ signed, by Austria, allowed the French to incorporate the Left Bank of Rhine | Campo Formio
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| Left Bank of Rhine was ____ | occupied by German Princes
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| This had scientific rev/enlightenment ideas and led France to a form of Enlightened Despotism | The Consulate
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| Under Bonaparte's rule the ______ made decisions for the French State | First Council
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| Individual capacity to obtain employment | "Careers Open to Talent"
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| The fall of the First and Second Coalition led to the ______ | Formation of the French Imperial System
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| The Second Coalition collapsed because of the ____ signed by ____ | Peace of Lunéville..... Austria
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| Clemens von Metternich | Austrian Foreign Minister
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| Austria allied with Britain | Formation of the 3rd Coalition / Not Prussia
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| Bonaparte took Venetia from Austrians | Peace of Tilsit
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| Austria/Britain against Bonaprte | Austrian Wars of Liberation
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| Bonaparte Married _____ | Marie Louise
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| _______ Becomes Prince of Bevento and Bourgeois Fouché | Talleyrand
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| Joseph Fouché was a _____ | Prefect
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| Because you are different, you are either better or worse | Nationalism
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| volk= | folk
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| Tugenbund= | moral and Scientific League
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| 'Father John' was a ______ | Gymnast and antisemetic
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| ______ was the Center of all German Movement | Prussia
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| Congress of Vienna consisted oif these Nations | Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Britain
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| British want ______ and ________ | Peace and Balance of Power
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| ________ Prussians came in last minute to help Austria defeat France in the | Battle of Waterloo (2)
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| Nationalism was feared by | the Hapsburgs and Metternich
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| Consrervitive order was ______ | Anti-Enlightenment
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| Modernization, Liberalism, Romanticism, Sicalism, Marxism start in | Englland
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| Liberalism= | Natural rights of individual-- against mercantilism
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| Prussia coveted | Saxony
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| Russia Wanted | Paris and Poland
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| Austria wanted | Poland-more land
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| Romanticism | Rejection of Enlightenment Principles
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| Capitalism | use of a capital- possession of property seen as basis of independence and political liberty
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| Industrial Revolution started in | Manchester
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| Indust. Rev meant | political stability, demographic recovery, entrepreneurs and investment
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| steam- | locomotive
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| ______ written by Karl Marx and Engles | The Communist Manifesto
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| 2 groups mentioned in Manifesto | Proletarians and Bourgeoisie
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| Secret group of Germans in Exile | The Communist Leauge
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| Marxism believe there needs to be | a social Revolution
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| Socialism | not scientific- new classes from industrialization
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| Socialists ________ as it was and were concerned with ____ | rejected the world...... alienation
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| socialism and ______ can exist together | Capitalism
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| socialism and ______ cannot exist together | Communism/Marxism
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| Socialists who envisioned perfect communities | Utopian Socialism
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| not redistribution of wealth but management of it | Saint Simonianism
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| environmental phycology | Owenism
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| Feminism | Fourierism
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| Wrote "Organization of Labor" | Louis Blanc
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| Hagel believed in... | ideas
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| Marx believed in.... | conditions
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| ____ was value to Marx | Labor
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| grew out of earlier forms of absolutism secular but favored religious toleration centralizing institution of monarchy | Enlightened Despotism
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| and tax generally only paid by peasants | taille
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| denied that the free market could adequately produce and distribute goods the way classical economists claimed | Socialists/socialism
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| a call to action -said that workers were deprived of wealth they themselves had created -called the state a committee of the bourgeois for the exploitation of the people -religion was a drug to keep the worker thinking of heavenly rewards | Communist Manifesto
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| expected the course of history to lead to a free and democratic society instead of the existing Prussian state Hegel had maintained | Young Hegelians
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| The Condition of the Working Classes in England was written by | Engles
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| population of 600,00 in Paris all rioting after bread prices went up -Parisians stormed Bastille for weapons for the militia | Fall of Bastille
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| -military requisition on entire population -conscripted males into the army -directed economic production on to military purposes | Levée en Masse
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| member of the Committee of Public Safety who ordered the Levée en Masse | Lazare Cornot
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| condemned reconstruction of French administration -predicted possible deaths of Louis and Marie Antionette -forecasted the revolution ending in military despotism | Edmund Burke
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| Wrote Reflections on the Revolution in France | Eddy Burke
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| The British Ten Hours Act mainly concerned | the labor of women and children in British factores.
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| A major cause of the Industrial Revolution was the? | increase in population.
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| Government policy was an important part of early industrialization for all of the following reasons EXCEPT? | social welfare programs for workers.
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| According the the Classical Economists' "Iron Law of Wages"?: | if a worker received more than a subsistence wage, he/she would breed more children who would eat up the surplus.
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| the major purpose of the Corn Laws in Britain in the early 1800s | to protect the interests of British grain producers.
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| One reason why the factory system replaced the domestic system in England was that | neither water power nor steam power could be used efficiently in the home.
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| The Industrial Revolution in Britain was in a large part inspired by | entrepreneuers who sought and accepted new manufacturing methods and inventions
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| physically attacked machines they believed adversely affected their livelihood. | The Luddites
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| Napoleon's purpose in instituting the Continental System was to | defeat England through economic war
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| In general, Napoleon championed | equality under the law but not political freedom
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| Why is it significant that Napoleon crowned himself as emperor of the First French Empire in 1804 | it had no significance.
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| What was the direct cause of the rebellions in Latin America in the first part of the 19c | Napoleon's invasion of Spain.
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| The Quadruple Alliance included all of the following European powers EXCEPT | Italy
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| Napoleon joined the....... | Jacobins shortly after the French Revolution
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| Napoleon's conquest of Spain doomed its American empire by | allowing the colonies to govern themselves for six years
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| How did Napoleon deal with the Holy Roman Empire? | he replaced the empire with the Confederation of the Rhine
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| After the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era, France was... | divided into departments rather than provinces
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| Which country was NOT ruled by a member of the Bonaparte family during the first decade of the 19c? | Prussia
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| For Rousseau, what was the main source of inequality and the chief cause of crime? | Private Property
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| The most important contribution Catherine the Great made early in her reign was the? | establishment of a legislative commission to review the laws of Russia.
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| All of the following are considered major factors that fostered the ideals of the Enlightenment EXCEPT | the colonial worldview.
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| Many 18c philosophes believed that governmental reform would be accomplished by? | benevolent absolutist monarchs
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| The ideas of the Enlightenment challenged the long-term assumptions about sovereignty and instead proposed that? | governments are bound to the will of the people
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| the following CANNOT be said of the 18c Enlightenment? | it reflected acceptance of social inequities and injustices as inevitable effects of the natural law
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| The Enlightenment | was based upon the assumption that science and reason can explain all things
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| The recognized capital of the Enlightenment was | Paris
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| Rousseau's most important concept in The Social Contract was that... | government must be based on voluntary participation by citizens, not simply by the accident of history or inheritance
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| Recent scholarship suggests that the enlightened despots of Europe? | were affected little by Enlightenment ideas
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| 18c British nobility differed from 18c French nobility in that? | the English aristocracy accepted the social and political responsibilities of their position and participated more directly in running their government
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| Peasant life in 18c Europe was characterized by? | vulnerability to rising taxes and rents.
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| The artistic movement that replaced the Baroque during the Enlightenment was? | Rococo
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| In 18c England, the greatest threat to the economic security of small farmers was? | the Enclosure Movement.
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| Economic and social life among the mass of people under the Ancien Regime of the 18c still primarily focused around? | the harvest
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