Anatomy Glossary
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| abdomen | body area between the diaphragm and pelvis
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| abduct | to move away from the midline; opposite of adduct
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| adenology | the study of the endocrine system
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| adventitia, Externa | outer coat of tube-shaped structure such as blood vessels
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| alimentary canal | relating to food or nutrition. relating to the digestive system from the back of the mouth to the rectum
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| alveolus | literally a small cavity; alveoli of lungs are microscopic saclike dilations of terminal bronchioles
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| ampulla | saclike dilation of a tube or duct
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| anastomoses | connection between vessels; fore example, the Circle of Villis is an anastomosis of certain cerebral arteries
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| Anatomy | the structure of an organism, morphology
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| angiology | the study of the circulatory system
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| anterior nares | external openings of the nostrils
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| anterior (ventral) | before, in relation to time or space; in front of or in the front part of; ventral, hemal, as contrasted with dorsal, neural
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| aneurysm | blood-filled saclike dilation of the wall of an artery
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| antrum | cavity; for example, the antrum of highmore, the space in each maxillary bone, or the maillary sinus
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| aorta | the main trunk of the systemic arterial system
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| apex | pointed end of a conial structure
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| aponeurosis | flat sheet of white fibrous tissue that serves as a muscle attachment, a tendon
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| appendicular skeleton | relating to an appendix or apendage
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| arteries | vessels carrying blood away from the heart
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| arterioles | minute arteries with muscular walls and about 0.2 mm. in diameter; a terminal artery continuous withe capillary network.
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| articulation | a joining or connecting together loosely so as to allow motion beetween parts
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| ascending colon | the first part of the colon in the right side of the abdomen
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| atrium | chamber or cavity;for example, atrium of each side of the heart
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| axial skeleton | this includes 74 bones that form the upright acis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones
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| bilateral | realting to, orhaving two sides
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| bronchiole | small branch of a bronchus
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| bronchus | one of the two branches of the trachea
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| brachial | pertaining to the arm
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| buccal cavity | the space between the lips and the gums and teeth; the vestibule of the oral cavity
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| calyx | cup shaped division of the renal pelvis
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| capillary | microscopic blood vessel; capillaries connect arterioles with venueles. Also, microscopic lymphatic vessles
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| carpal | pertaining to the wrist
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| caudal | pertaining to the tail of an animal. opposite of cephalic
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| cecum | blind pouch; the pouch at the proximal end of the large intestine
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| celiac | pertaining to thea bdomen
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| cervix | neck; any necl-like structure
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| concha | shell shaped structure. for example, bony projections in the nasal cavity
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| condyle | a rounded projection; example, condyles of the femure
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| cortex | outer part of an internal organ; for exapm;e, of the cerebrum and kidney
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| costal | pertaining to the ribs
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| crest | a ridge; example, the iliac crest; a less prominent ridge is called a line; example, ileopectineal line
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| cubital | pertaining to the forearm
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| cutanieous | pertaining to the skin
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| deferens | carrying away
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| descending colon | the section of the solon which turns downward at the splenic flexure and descends on the left side of the abdomen
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| distal | toward the end of a structue; opposite of proximal
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| diverticulum | outpocketing from a tubular organ such as the intestine
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| dorsal | posterior, pertaining to the back. ; opposite of ventral
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| duodenum | the first and shortes part of the small intestinge
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| epiphyses | ends of a long bone
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| endocrine | secreting in to the blood or tissue fluid rather than into a duct; opposite of exocrine
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| exocrine | secreting into a duct
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| external | pertaining to the outside
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| fascia | sheet of connective tissue
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| fissure | groove
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| foramen | a hole, small opening; example, foramen magnum of the occipital bone
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| fossa | a hollow or depression; example, mandibular fossa of the temporal bone that serves as the socket for the lower jawbone
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| fovea | cavity or hollow
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| frontal eminences | the two rounded prominences, one on each side of the trontal bone, located where the forehead turns backward to become the anterior portion of the crown of the head
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| frontal sinuses | the hollows formed on eather siede of the separation of the two plates of the frontal bone beneath the superciliary ridge
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| fundus | base of a hollow organ, for example, the part farthest from its outlet
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| gall bladder | pear=shaped sac, containing bile, on the under surface of the liver
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| gastric | pertaining to the stomack
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| genitalia | reproductive organs
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| gland | a secreting structure
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| glossal | of the tongue
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| head | a rounded projection beyone a narrow neckline portion; example, head of the femur
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| hepar or hepatic | pertaining to the liver
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| hilus or hilum | depresion where vessels enter an organ
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| hyoid | shaped like the letter U; bone of this shape at the base of the tongue
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| ileum | the third portion of the small intestine, about 12 feet in length
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| inferior | lower
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| inguinal | pertaining to the groin
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| integumetary | relating to the cutis, derma, skin. It is composed of two strata, the epidermis and dermis and contains the seat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and touch corpuscles
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| internal | relating to the inside
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| interstitial | of or forming small spaces between things. Intercellular
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| joints | the place of union, usually more or less moveable, between two ro more bones
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| jejunum | the portion of the small intestine, about teight feet in lenght, between the duodenum and the ileu
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| labia | lips
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| cacrimal | pertaining to tears
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| larynx | th organ of voice production, the upper part of the respiratory tract between the pharynx and the trachea
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| lacuna | space or cavity; for example, lacunae in bone contain bone cells
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| lateral | of or toward the side; opposite of medial
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| liver (hepatic system) | the largest gland in the body; secretes bile an s is of great importance in protien and carb metabolism
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| lumen | passageway or space within a tubular structure
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| lungs | cone-shaped organs, large enought to fill the pleural protion of the thoracic cavity completely. The left lung is partially divided by fussures into two lobes, upper and lower, and the right lung into three lobes, superior, middle and inferior.
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| manubrium | handle; upper part of the ternum
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| meatus | a tube-shaped opening; example, the external auditory meatus
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| medial | of or toward the middle; opposite of lateral
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| mediastinum | middle sextiomn of the thorax, that is, between the two lungs
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| medulla | latin for marrow; hence the inner protion of an organ in contrast to the outer protions or cortex
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| membrane | sheet or thin layer
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| mesentery | fold of peritoneum that attaches the intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
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| mesial | situated in the middle, median
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| morphology | the study of the shape and structure of living organisms
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| myology | the study of the muscular system
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| nares | nostrils
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| nasal septum | the dividing wall between the two nasal cavities, formed posteriorly of bone
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| neurology | the study of the nervous system
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| nuchal | pertaining to the nape of the neck
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| occiput | back of the head
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| olecranon | elbow
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| olfactory | pertaining to the sense of smell
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| ophthalmic | pertaining to the eyes
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| orifice | an opening
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| ossicles | small bones; specifically one of the bones of the tympanum or drum of the ear
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| palate | roof of the mouth
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| palpebrae | yeylids
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| pancreas | an elongated lobulated organ composed of both exocrine glandular tissue and endocrine glanular tissue. secretes digestive enzymes, insulin, and glucagon
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| parietal | of the walls of an organ or cavity
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| parotid | located near the ear
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| pectineal | pertaining to the pubic bone
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| pectoral | pertaining to the chest or breast
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| peripheral | pertaining to an ouside suface
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| phalanges | finger or toe
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| pharynx | the throat; the upper expanded portion of the dige4stive tract between the esophagus belwo the mough and nasal cavities abouve and in front.
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| phrenic | pertaining to the diaphhragm
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| plasma | liquid part of the blood
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| poplitieal | hegind the knee
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| posterior | following after; hence located behind; opposite of anterior
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| process | a projection or outgrowth
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| pronate | to turn palm downward
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| prostate gland | gland, partly muscular and partly glandular, which surrounds the geginning of the male urethra and secretes a milky fluid into the urethra at the same time of semen emission
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| protuberance | an outgrowth, a swelling, a knob
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| proximal | next or nearest
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| pyloric sphincter | the aperture between the stomach and duodenum
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| ramus | branch
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| renal | pertaining to the kidney
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| respiratory system | relating to those organs and tissues from the nostrils to the air sacs in the lungs involved with the intake of air
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| rugae | wrinkles or folds
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| sagittal | liken an arrow; longitudinal
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| salivary glands | the three pairs of glands furnishing the salivea, the parotid, sublingual, and submaxillary
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| sclera | from Greek for hard
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| sesamoid bones | shaped like a sesame seed; an inconstant number of small, flat, round bones found in various tendons in which considerable pressure develops, of these, only the patellas are usually counted in the 206 ones of the body
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| sigmoid colon | that protion of the large intestine that courses downwardbelow the iliac crest
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| sinus | a cavity or sponge-like space ina bone; example, the frontal sinus
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| sphincter | a muscle that priciaplly closes an aperture
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| spinous process or spine | sharp projection
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| splanchnic | vixceral
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| superior | higher; opposite of inferior
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| supernate | to turn the palm of the hand upward
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| supraorbital margin | arched ridge just below the eyebrow
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| symphysis | greek for growing together
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| systems | organizations of varying numbers and kinds of organs so arranged that together they can perform complex functions for the body
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| tendon | band or cord of fibrous connective tissue that attches a ,isc;e tp a bpme
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| thorax | chest
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| tibia | shin bone
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| transverse | crosswise, lying across the long axis of the body or of a part
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| transverse colon | the part of the colon that passes horizontally acrosss the abdomen, below the liver, stomach, and spleen, and is above the small intestine
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| trachea | also knowns as the windpipe; a tube about 11cm long that extends from the larynx in the neck to the bronchi in the thoracic cavity
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| trochanter | a very large projection
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| tubercle | small, rounded projection
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| tuberosity | large, rounded projection
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| tunica adventitia (externa) | the outer, fivroelastic coat of a blood vessel or other bubular structuree
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| tunica intima (interna) | the inner, serous coat of an artery
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| tunica media | the middle, usually muscular, coat of an arterty or other tubular structure
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| tunics | one of the outer layers of a part, especially of hallow organ or blood vessel
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| ureter | the tubes leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder
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| urethra | the tube leading from the urinary bladder to the external surface of the body
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| uvula | latin for a little grape, projection hanging from the soft palate
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| valve | structure that permist flow of a lfuid in one direction oley
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| vas | vessel or duct
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| vastus | wide, of great size
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| veins | vessels carrying blood to the heart
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| ventral | of or near the velly
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| vermiform appendix | worm-shaped tissue which extends form the lower portion of the cecum,
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| vascular | relating to or containing blood vessels
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| ventrical | referring to the internal organs
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| xiphoid | sword-shaped
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| zygoma | yoke
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