Spinal and throax Column
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| What are the function of the spinal column? | -provides body posture, support, muscle attachment
-protect the cord
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| How many vertebrae total? | 31-33 total
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| Cervical | C1-C7
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| Thoracic | T1-T12
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| Lumbar | L1-L5
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| Sacral | S1-S5
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| Coccygeal | 2-4
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| What are the three types of vertebrae? | Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar
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| What is Annulus Fibrosis? | Harder outside
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| What is Nucleus pulposus? | Softer inside
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| What is the function of the Intervetebral foramen? |
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| What is Disk herniation? | Protrusion of nucleus pulposus through annulus fibrosus
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| What is Lordosis? | Excessive anterior curvature of lumbar spine
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| What is Kyphosis? | Excessive posterior curvature of thoracic spine
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| What is Scoliosis ? | excessive lateral curvature (most common)
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| What is Atlas? | C1- superior articulating facets with occipital condyles of skull
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| What is Axis? | C2- articulates with C1. Dens or odontoid process of C2 projects up into area where body of C1 would be
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| What is another name for the Atlas? | Atlanto-occipital Joint
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| What is another name for the Axis? | Atlanto-axial joint
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| Where are Zygapophyseal Joints | Between superior and inferior facet joints
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| What is the function of Zygapophyseal joint? | Prevent excessive torsion
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| What do disks serve as? | -spacers to allow nerve roots to exit spinal canal
-act as shock absobers
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| Atlanto-occipital membrane | Attach occipital bone of skull to C1
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| Atlanto-axial membrane | Connects C1 to C2
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| Transverse (Hangman's) ligament | Connects lateral masses on C1 and holds dens in place
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| Anterior longitudinal ligament | limits hyper-extension
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| Posterior longitudinal ligament | limits flexion
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| Ligamentum flavum | -Limits lateral flexion
- Runs between laminae
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| Interspinous | -Between spinous processes
-Limits flexion
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| Supraspinous | -Between spinous processes
-Limits flexion
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| Ligamentum Nuchae | -Helps to supports cervical curve
-Place for muscle attachment
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| what is C1 involved in? | Flexion only
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| What is C2 involved in? | Rotation only
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| Are ribs 8-12 "floating ribs"? | No, only 11-12 are floating ribs.
8-10 are false ribs
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| What are the 3 joints in anterior articulations of the thorax comprised of? | -Chondrosternal
-Costochondal
-Interchodral
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| What are the four muscles associated with cervical flexion? | Sternocleidomastoid, longus colli, longus capitis, and scaleni
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| T/F Two muscles associated with trunk and pelvic rotation are internal oblique (bilateral) and external oblique (contralateral) | False
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| T/F Atlanto- axial joint allows rotation C1 on top of C2 | True
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| T/F Lordosis is anterior curvature on the lumbar spine; while Kyphosis is anterior curvature of thoracic spine | False, Kyphosis is posterior curvature
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| T/F inhalation process can be described when the diaphragm contracting and creating more space in thoracic capacity. | True
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| What are Chondrosternal joints? (anterior attachment) | Tied by Costosternal ligament
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| What are Costochondral joints? (anterior attachment) | Permit little movement
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| What are Interchondral joints? (anterior attachment) | Interchondral ligament
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| What is Corpocapitate articulation? (Posterior attachment) | -Between vertebral body and rib head
-Stabilized by superior costotransverse and costovertebral radiate ligaments
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| What is Costotransverse articulation? (Posterior attachment) | -Between tubercles of ribs 1-10 and transverse processes
-Stabilized by the costotransverse ligament, ligament of the neck, and ligament of the tubercle
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| What is the mechanics of respiration? | -Enlarge thoracic capacity
-Creates vacuum
-Air moves into lungs to equalize pressure
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| Quiet inspiration | -diaghragm in charge. Some assistance from scalenes and intercostal muscles.
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| Quiet expiration | no direct muscle action. Elastic recoil of lungs sufficient
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| Deep inspiration and expiration | recruits more muscles
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| What does Phrenic nerve damage typically result in? | paralysis of half of the diaphragm
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Created by:
rmart11
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