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Spinal and Thorax
Spinal and throax Column
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the function of the spinal column? | -provides body posture, support, muscle attachment -protect the cord |
| How many vertebrae total? | 31-33 total |
| Cervical | C1-C7 |
| Thoracic | T1-T12 |
| Lumbar | L1-L5 |
| Sacral | S1-S5 |
| Coccygeal | 2-4 |
| What are the three types of vertebrae? | Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar |
| What is Annulus Fibrosis? | Harder outside |
| What is Nucleus pulposus? | Softer inside |
| What is the function of the Intervetebral foramen? | |
| What is Disk herniation? | Protrusion of nucleus pulposus through annulus fibrosus |
| What is Lordosis? | Excessive anterior curvature of lumbar spine |
| What is Kyphosis? | Excessive posterior curvature of thoracic spine |
| What is Scoliosis ? | excessive lateral curvature (most common) |
| What is Atlas? | C1- superior articulating facets with occipital condyles of skull |
| What is Axis? | C2- articulates with C1. Dens or odontoid process of C2 projects up into area where body of C1 would be |
| What is another name for the Atlas? | Atlanto-occipital Joint |
| What is another name for the Axis? | Atlanto-axial joint |
| Where are Zygapophyseal Joints | Between superior and inferior facet joints |
| What is the function of Zygapophyseal joint? | Prevent excessive torsion |
| What do disks serve as? | -spacers to allow nerve roots to exit spinal canal -act as shock absobers |
| Atlanto-occipital membrane | Attach occipital bone of skull to C1 |
| Atlanto-axial membrane | Connects C1 to C2 |
| Transverse (Hangman's) ligament | Connects lateral masses on C1 and holds dens in place |
| Anterior longitudinal ligament | limits hyper-extension |
| Posterior longitudinal ligament | limits flexion |
| Ligamentum flavum | -Limits lateral flexion - Runs between laminae |
| Interspinous | -Between spinous processes -Limits flexion |
| Supraspinous | -Between spinous processes -Limits flexion |
| Ligamentum Nuchae | -Helps to supports cervical curve -Place for muscle attachment |
| what is C1 involved in? | Flexion only |
| What is C2 involved in? | Rotation only |
| Are ribs 8-12 "floating ribs"? | No, only 11-12 are floating ribs. 8-10 are false ribs |
| What are the 3 joints in anterior articulations of the thorax comprised of? | -Chondrosternal -Costochondal -Interchodral |
| What are the four muscles associated with cervical flexion? | Sternocleidomastoid, longus colli, longus capitis, and scaleni |
| T/F Two muscles associated with trunk and pelvic rotation are internal oblique (bilateral) and external oblique (contralateral) | False |
| T/F Atlanto- axial joint allows rotation C1 on top of C2 | True |
| T/F Lordosis is anterior curvature on the lumbar spine; while Kyphosis is anterior curvature of thoracic spine | False, Kyphosis is posterior curvature |
| T/F inhalation process can be described when the diaphragm contracting and creating more space in thoracic capacity. | True |
| What are Chondrosternal joints? (anterior attachment) | Tied by Costosternal ligament |
| What are Costochondral joints? (anterior attachment) | Permit little movement |
| What are Interchondral joints? (anterior attachment) | Interchondral ligament |
| What is Corpocapitate articulation? (Posterior attachment) | -Between vertebral body and rib head -Stabilized by superior costotransverse and costovertebral radiate ligaments |
| What is Costotransverse articulation? (Posterior attachment) | -Between tubercles of ribs 1-10 and transverse processes -Stabilized by the costotransverse ligament, ligament of the neck, and ligament of the tubercle |
| What is the mechanics of respiration? | -Enlarge thoracic capacity -Creates vacuum -Air moves into lungs to equalize pressure |
| Quiet inspiration | -diaghragm in charge. Some assistance from scalenes and intercostal muscles. |
| Quiet expiration | no direct muscle action. Elastic recoil of lungs sufficient |
| Deep inspiration and expiration | recruits more muscles |
| What does Phrenic nerve damage typically result in? | paralysis of half of the diaphragm |
Created by:
rmart11
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