Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole
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| adipose tissue | collection of fat cells
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| cartilage | flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints
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| epithelial cells | skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs
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| histologist | specialist who studies tissues
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| larynx | "voice box"; located in the upper part of the trachea
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| pharynx | Throat
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| pituitary gland | endocrine gland at base of brain
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| thyroid gland | endocrine gland that surrounds trachea in neck
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| trachea | "windpipe"
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| ureter | one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to urinary bladder (2)
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| urethra | tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body (1)
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| viscera | internal organs
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| anabolism | process of building up large proteins from amino acids
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| catabolism | process of breaking down nutrients into simpler substances; energy is released.
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| cell membrane | structure surrounding and protecting the cell; monitors what enters and exits the cell
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| chromosomes | rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that genes (DNA); 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
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| cytoplasm | all material that is outside of the nucleus but still within the membrane of the cell
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| DNA | chemical withing each chromosome, sequences that direct cell activities of the cell
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| endoplasmic reticulum | network of canals withing the cytoplasm of the cell; where large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces
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| genes | regions of DNA within each chromosome
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| karyotype | picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell
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| mitochondria | provide the principal source of energy
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| nucleus | control center of the cell
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| abdominal cavity | space below chest; contains liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines
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| cranial cavity | space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull
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| diaphragm | muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities
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| dorsal (posterior) | pertaining to the back
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| mediastinum | centrally located space outside of and between the lungs
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| pelvic cavity | space below abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.
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| peritoneum | double-folded membrane surrounding each lung
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| pleural cavity | space between pleural layers
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| spinal cavity | space withing the spinal column containing spinal cord
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| thoracic cavity | space in the chest containing the hear, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs.
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| ventral (anterior) | pertaining to the front
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| hypochondriac | right and left upper regions beneath the ribs
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| epigastric | middle upper region above the stomach
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| lumbar | right and left middle regions near the waist
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| umbilical | central region near the navel
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| inguinal | right and left lower regions near the groin
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| hypogastric | middle lower region below the umbilical region
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| RUQ | right upper quadrant
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| LUQ | left upper quadrant
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| RLQ | right lower quadrant
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| LLQ | left lower quadrant
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| cervical | neck region; C1 to C7
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| thoracic | chest region T1 to T12
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| lumbar | loin (waist) region L1 to L5
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| sacral | region of the sacrum S1 to S5
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| coccygeal | region of the coccyx (tailbone)
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| vertebra | single backbone
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| vertebrae | backbones
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| spinal column | bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity
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| disk (disc) | pad of cartilage between vertebrae
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| anterior (ventral) | front side of body
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| posterior (dorsal) | back side of body
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| deep | away from the surface
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| superficial | on the surface
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| proximal | near the point of attachment to the trunk; near the beginning
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| distal | far from the point of attachment
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| inferior | below another structure
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| superior | above another structure
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| medial | pertaining to the middle
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| lateral | pertaining to the side
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| supine | laying on the back
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| prone | laying on the belly
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| frontal (coronal) plane | divides front and back
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| sagittal (lateral) plane | divides left from right
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| transverse (axial) plane | divides top from bottom
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| abdomin/o | abdomen
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| adip/o | fat
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| anter/o | front
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| bol/o | to cast (throw)
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| cervic/o | neck
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| chondr/o | cartilage
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| chrom/o | color
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| coccyg/o | coccyx
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| crani/o | skull
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| cyt/o | cell
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| dist/o | far, distant
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| dors/o | back portion of the body
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| hist/o | tissue
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| ili/o | ilium (part of the pelvic bone)
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| inguin/o | groin
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| kary/o | nucleus
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| later/o | side
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| lumb/o | lower back
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| medi/o | middle
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| nucle/o | nucleus
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| pelv/i | pelvis, hip region
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| poster/o | back, behind
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| proxim/o | nearest
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| sacr/o | sacrum
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| sarc/o | flesh
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| spin/o | spine, backbone
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| thel/o | nipple
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| thorac/o | chest
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| trache/o | trachea, windpipe
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| umbilic/o | navel, umbilicus
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| ventr/o | belly side of the body
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| vertebr/o | vertebra(e)
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| vescer/o | internal organs
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| ana- | up
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| cata- | down
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| epi- | above
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| hypo- | below
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| inter- | between
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| meta- | change
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| -eal | pertaining to
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| -iac | pertaining to
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| -ior | pertaining to
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| -ism | process, condition
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| -ose | pertaining to, full of
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| -plasm | formation
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| -somes | bodies
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| -type | picture, classification
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