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Medical Terminology
Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adipose tissue | collection of fat cells |
| cartilage | flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints |
| epithelial cells | skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs |
| histologist | specialist who studies tissues |
| larynx | "voice box"; located in the upper part of the trachea |
| pharynx | Throat |
| pituitary gland | endocrine gland at base of brain |
| thyroid gland | endocrine gland that surrounds trachea in neck |
| trachea | "windpipe" |
| ureter | one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to urinary bladder (2) |
| urethra | tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body (1) |
| viscera | internal organs |
| anabolism | process of building up large proteins from amino acids |
| catabolism | process of breaking down nutrients into simpler substances; energy is released. |
| cell membrane | structure surrounding and protecting the cell; monitors what enters and exits the cell |
| chromosomes | rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that genes (DNA); 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) |
| cytoplasm | all material that is outside of the nucleus but still within the membrane of the cell |
| DNA | chemical withing each chromosome, sequences that direct cell activities of the cell |
| endoplasmic reticulum | network of canals withing the cytoplasm of the cell; where large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces |
| genes | regions of DNA within each chromosome |
| karyotype | picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell |
| mitochondria | provide the principal source of energy |
| nucleus | control center of the cell |
| abdominal cavity | space below chest; contains liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines |
| cranial cavity | space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull |
| diaphragm | muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities |
| dorsal (posterior) | pertaining to the back |
| mediastinum | centrally located space outside of and between the lungs |
| pelvic cavity | space below abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs. |
| peritoneum | double-folded membrane surrounding each lung |
| pleural cavity | space between pleural layers |
| spinal cavity | space withing the spinal column containing spinal cord |
| thoracic cavity | space in the chest containing the hear, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs. |
| ventral (anterior) | pertaining to the front |
| hypochondriac | right and left upper regions beneath the ribs |
| epigastric | middle upper region above the stomach |
| lumbar | right and left middle regions near the waist |
| umbilical | central region near the navel |
| inguinal | right and left lower regions near the groin |
| hypogastric | middle lower region below the umbilical region |
| RUQ | right upper quadrant |
| LUQ | left upper quadrant |
| RLQ | right lower quadrant |
| LLQ | left lower quadrant |
| cervical | neck region; C1 to C7 |
| thoracic | chest region T1 to T12 |
| lumbar | loin (waist) region L1 to L5 |
| sacral | region of the sacrum S1 to S5 |
| coccygeal | region of the coccyx (tailbone) |
| vertebra | single backbone |
| vertebrae | backbones |
| spinal column | bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity |
| disk (disc) | pad of cartilage between vertebrae |
| anterior (ventral) | front side of body |
| posterior (dorsal) | back side of body |
| deep | away from the surface |
| superficial | on the surface |
| proximal | near the point of attachment to the trunk; near the beginning |
| distal | far from the point of attachment |
| inferior | below another structure |
| superior | above another structure |
| medial | pertaining to the middle |
| lateral | pertaining to the side |
| supine | laying on the back |
| prone | laying on the belly |
| frontal (coronal) plane | divides front and back |
| sagittal (lateral) plane | divides left from right |
| transverse (axial) plane | divides top from bottom |
| abdomin/o | abdomen |
| adip/o | fat |
| anter/o | front |
| bol/o | to cast (throw) |
| cervic/o | neck |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| chrom/o | color |
| coccyg/o | coccyx |
| crani/o | skull |
| cyt/o | cell |
| dist/o | far, distant |
| dors/o | back portion of the body |
| hist/o | tissue |
| ili/o | ilium (part of the pelvic bone) |
| inguin/o | groin |
| kary/o | nucleus |
| later/o | side |
| lumb/o | lower back |
| medi/o | middle |
| nucle/o | nucleus |
| pelv/i | pelvis, hip region |
| poster/o | back, behind |
| proxim/o | nearest |
| sacr/o | sacrum |
| sarc/o | flesh |
| spin/o | spine, backbone |
| thel/o | nipple |
| thorac/o | chest |
| trache/o | trachea, windpipe |
| umbilic/o | navel, umbilicus |
| ventr/o | belly side of the body |
| vertebr/o | vertebra(e) |
| vescer/o | internal organs |
| ana- | up |
| cata- | down |
| epi- | above |
| hypo- | below |
| inter- | between |
| meta- | change |
| -eal | pertaining to |
| -iac | pertaining to |
| -ior | pertaining to |
| -ism | process, condition |
| -ose | pertaining to, full of |
| -plasm | formation |
| -somes | bodies |
| -type | picture, classification |
Created by:
hannahpoulsen
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