HSF II Lab I
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Erythrocytes | RBCs, average 4.5-5 million cells/mm3, anucleate when mature
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| Leukocytes | granulocytes and agranular leukocytes. Nucleates cells, 5-10,000 cells/mm3, can move in and out of blood vessels in a process called emigration or diapedesis
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| Granulocytes | Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil. High abundance of granules inside cell
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| Agranular Leukocytes | Lymphocyte, Monocyte. no observable cytoplasmic granules
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| Neutrophil | Granulocyte. most abundant WBC (50-80%). stain purple, 3-7 lobed nucleus, active phagocyte, #s increase during acute infections
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| Eosinophil | Granulocyte. (2-4%), bilobed nucleus, stains red-orange, #s increase during allergies and parasite infections. Phagocyte
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| Basophil | Granulocyte. least abundant leukocyte (<1%), large U or S-shaped nucleus, granules contain chemicals, including histamine. For inflammatory response
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| Lymphocyte | Agranular leukocyte. (20-40%), smallest nucleus, 3 types: B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, NK cells. involved in immunologic response.
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| Monocyte | Agranular leukocyte. (2-8%). largest leukocyte, kidney-shaped nucleus, active phagocyte.
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| Platelets | cell fragments from megakaryocytes. irregularly shaped, 140-450,000 cells/mm3, instrumental in blood clotting
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| Leukocytosis | an increase in the total number of white blood cells, may indicate infection, poisoning, or hemorrhage.
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| Leukopenia | a decrease in WBC counts below 4,000/mm3, could be caused by tuberculosis, measles, or infectious hepatitis
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| Infectious Mononucleosis | benign, lymphocyte proliferation disease caused by infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (a herpes). Swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fever, splenomegaly, appearance of atypical T lymphocytes in blood.
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| Leukemia | malignant disease from uncontrolled increase in abnormal WBC in bone marrow: myeloid leukemia and lymphoid leukemia
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| Myeloid Leukemia | increase in granulocytes or thrombocytes
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| Lymphoid Leukemia | various stages of lymphocyte development
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| What is the term for the central blood-containing space of a blood vessel? | lumen
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| Name the innermost tunic (layer) of a blood vessel, what is this tunic made of? | Tunica intima, squamous endothelium
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| Name the middle tunic of a blood vessel, what is this tunic made of? | Tunica media, smooth muscle and elastin
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| Name the outer tunic of a blood vessel, what is this tunic made of? | Tunica externa, collagen
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| Which tunic is thickest in an artery? | Tunica Media
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| Which tunic is thickest in a vein? | Tunica Externa
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| Which single tunic is present in capillaries? | Tunica Intima
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| How is blood flow different in arteries compared to veins? | Arteries carry blood away from the heart, have higher pressure. Veins opposite
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| What are the 3 types of arteries found in the body? | Elastic, muscular, arteriole
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| What anatomical structures help to regulate blood flow through the capillary beds? | Precapillary sphincter, shunt, true capillary, venule
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| What vessel type typically has the largest lumen? | vein
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| What 3 adaptations help return venous blood to the heart? | Venous valves, muscle pump, pulmonary pump
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| Atherosclerosis | artery narrowing due to plaque buildup
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| Varicose Veins | Veins become enlarged and twisted, distended. Only a cosmetic issue on the surface, can be dangerous deep.
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