A&P 202 Wk 4
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| Where is the heart located in the chest? | show 🗑
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| What is the double-walled sac called that encloses the heart? | show 🗑
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| What is the loosely fitting connective tissue part of the pericardium called? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the fibrous pericardium? | show 🗑
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| What is the thin, slippery, 2-layer serous membrane called that is deep to the fibrous pericardium? | show 🗑
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| show | inflammation of the pericardium
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| What are the 3 layers comprising the heart wall? | show 🗑
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| What is the myocardium comprised of? | show 🗑
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| What are the heart's connective tissue fibers called that form a dense network? What is its function? | show 🗑
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| What is the endocardium comprised of? | show 🗑
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| What are the 4 chambers of the heart? | show 🗑
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| What is the internal partition that divides the heart longitudinally called? | show 🗑
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| What encircles the junction of the atria and ventricles like a crown? | show 🗑
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| show | anterior interventricular sulcus
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| show | posterior interventricular sulcus
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| What are auricles? | show 🗑
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| show | a smooth-walled posterior part and an anterior portion inside the right atrium, ridged by bundles of muscle tissue
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| What returns oxygen-poor blood from body regions superior to the diaphragm? | show 🗑
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| What returns oxygen-poor blood from body areas below the diaphragm? | show 🗑
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| show | coronary sinus
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| How many pulmonary veins enter the left atrium and deliver oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium? | show 🗑
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| What do the pulmonary veins do? | show 🗑
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| show | Ventricles
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| What does the right ventricle do? | show 🗑
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| Where does the left ventricle pump blood into? | show 🗑
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| show | pulmonary circuit, which serves gas exchange
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| What are the blood vessels called that carry the functional blood supply to and from all body tissues called? | show 🗑
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| show | pulmonary circuit pump
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| show | pulmonary; pulmonary circuit
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| show | Left side
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| show | pulmonary
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| show | systemic circuit
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| show | coronary circulation
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| What 2 branches does the right coronary artery divide into? | show 🗑
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| Complete blockage of what leads to tissue death and heart attack? | show 🗑
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| What veins collect venous blood after passing thru the capillary beds of the myocardium? | show 🗑
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| show | coronary sinus, which empties the blood into the right atrium
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| show | great cardiac vein; middle cardiac vein; small cardiac vein
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| show | angina pectoris
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| show | stress-induced spasms of coronary arteries; increased physical demands on the heart
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| What is prolonged coronary blockage called? | show 🗑
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| show | left ventricle
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| What do the 2 AV valves prevent? | show 🗑
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| What is the right AV valve called? | show 🗑
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| show | mitral valve, (sometimes called the bicuspid valve)
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| show | tiny white collagen cords called chordae tendineae aka heart strings
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| What is the function of the chordae tendineae? | show 🗑
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| Which 2 valves guard the bases of the large arteries issuing from the ventricles and prevent backflow into the associated ventricles? | show 🗑
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| What is it called when the myocardium behaves as a single coordinated unit? | show 🗑
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| show | 25-35%
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| What is it called when a region of heart muscle is deprived of blood? | show 🗑
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| What can a large area of ischemic lead to? | show 🗑
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| What consists of noncontractile cardiac cells specialized to initiate and distribute impulses thru out the heart so that it depolarizes and contracts in an orderly, sequential manner? | show 🗑
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| What are pacemaker potentials or prepotentials? | show 🗑
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| What produces the rising phase of the action potential and reverses the membrane potential in autorhythmic cells? | show 🗑
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| What is an ectopic focus? | show 🗑
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| show | 40-60 bpm
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| What part of the nervous system increases the heart rate and force of the beat? | show 🗑
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| What part of the nervous system decreases the heart rate? | show 🗑
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| What are the 3 distinguishable waves or deflections of a typical ECG? | show 🗑
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| What does the term systole refer to? | show 🗑
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| What does the term diastole refer to? | show 🗑
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| What are all events associated with the blood flow thru the heart during one complete heartbeat referred to as? | show 🗑
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| show | cardiac output
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| What is the volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle with each beat called? | show 🗑
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| What is the difference between resting and maximal CO (cardiac output) referred to as? | show 🗑
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| What are the 3 most important factors that affect SV (stroke volume) | show 🗑
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| show | Venous return
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| show | contractility; The strength of each contraction of the heart muscle
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| show | afterload - refers to the resistance the left ventricle encounters as it tries to eject blood to the body
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| What 3 factors can affect heart rates? | show 🗑
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| show | hypocalcemia; depresses the heart
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| show | tightly couple the excitation-contraction mechanism and prolong the plateau phase of the action potential
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| show | excessive K+ levels (hyperkalemia)
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| show | not enough K+ (hypokalemia)
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| What causes an abnormally fast heart rate (more than 100 beats/min) that may result from elevated body temp, stress, crtain drugs, or heart disease? | show 🗑
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| What is a heart rate slower than 60 beats/min called? | show 🗑
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| When the pumping efficiency of the heart is so low that blood circulation is inadequate to meet tissue needs the heart is said to be in what? | show 🗑
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| show | pulmonary congestion
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| show | peripheral congestion
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| show | depolarization of atria
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| show | heart is in diastole
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| what happens in the cardiac cycle immediately after the P wave | show 🗑
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| show | depolarization of ventricles
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| what happens in the cardiac cycle immediately after the QRS wave (S-T interval) | show 🗑
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| show | repolarization of ventricles
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| show | SA node
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| List the elements of the intrinsic conduction system in order starting from the SA node | show 🗑
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| show | atrio-ventricular bundle (AV bundle)
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| What is the amount of blood in the heart chamber that is left over from the previous contraction (end diastole), plus the amount of blood brought into the heart chamber from the venous system (the vena cava's) called? | show 🗑
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| show | visceral layer of the serous pericardium.
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| show | an outer fibrous pericardium and an inner serous pericardium
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| show | A cardiac cycle
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| What are the 3 phases of the cardiac cycle? | show 🗑
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| The act of listening to sounds within the body is called what and what instrument is usually used? | show 🗑
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| what heart sound is created by blood turbulence associated with the closing of the atrioventricular valves soon after ventricular systole begins | show 🗑
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| show | The second heart sound (dupp)
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| What are the valves that prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles are contracting and are found between the atrial and ventricular chambers on each side? | show 🗑
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| What is the left AV valve called, that consists of 2 cusps of endocardium? | show 🗑
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| What is the right AV valve called that has 3 cusps? | show 🗑
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| show | chordae tendineae; aka heart strings
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| show | the papillary muscles, small bundles of cardiac muscle that project from the myocardial wall
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| What is the period of ventricular filling into the atria known as? | show 🗑
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| show | atherosclerosis
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| What is it known as when the ventricles contract and compress blood in their chambers? | show 🗑
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| What anchors the flaps in a closed position to prevent blood backflow into the atria during ventricular contraction? | show 🗑
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| show | pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
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| show | pulmonary circulation pump
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| show | carbon dioxide
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| show | systemic circulation
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| show | oxygen
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| show | fibrous skeleton of the heart
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| show | right and left coronary arteries
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| show | the great, middle and small cardiac veins
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| show | right atrium
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| What node has the highest rate of discharge and provides the stimulus for contraction? | show 🗑
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| show | the P-R interval
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| show | .16 to .18 seconds
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| show | Q-T interval
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| show | endocardium
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| The outermost layer of the serous pericardium | show 🗑
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| show | aortic semilunar valve
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| Prevents backflow into the right atrium | show 🗑
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| show | epicardium
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| AV valve with two flaps | show 🗑
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| Prevents backflow into the right ventricle | show 🗑
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| Prevents backflow into the left atrium | show 🗑
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