Chapter 3 Part D
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Interphase | Majority of time cell is in this. Cell grows and carries on its usual activities. Includes DNA replication.
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| Cell Division (mitotic Phase) | Cell divides into 2 (cell makes an exact copy in body)
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| Subphases | G1, S and G2.
G1 growth, S DNA replication, G2 rep for division.
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| DNA Replication | Prior to division the cell makes a copy of DNA. Double stranded DNA helices unwind and unzip.
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| DNA Polymerase | Attaches to primer and begins adding nucleotides to form new strands.
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| Semiconservative Replication | Each new double stranded DNA is composed of one old strand and one new strand.
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| M (Mitotic) Phase | Cell cycle is phase in which division occurs, Consist of 2 distinct events Mitosis and Cytokinesis.
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| M Phase | is the division of nucleus, in which the duplicated DNA is distributed to new daughter cells.
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| Early Prophase | Chromatin condenses, forming visible chromosomes.
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| Centrosome | its duplicated begin synthesizing microtubules that push each centrosome to opposite poles of cell.
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| Late Prophase | Nuclear envelope breaks up.
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| Metaphase | Centromeres of chromosomes are precisely aligned at cells equator.
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| Metaphase Plate | The imaginary plane midway between poles
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| Anaphase | Shortest of all phases. Chromosomes are pulled toward their respective poles by motor proteins of kinetochores.
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| Telophase | Begins when chromosome movement stops. Each set uncoils to form chromatin. Nucleoli reappear and Spindle disappears.
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| Cytokinesis | Begins late anaphase and continues through mitosis. 2 daughter cells pinch apart.
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| Protein Synthesis | DNA is master blueprint that holds the code for protein synthesis.
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| Gene | A segment of DNA that holds the code for onw polypeptide.
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| RNA | is the go between molecule that links DNA to proteins. formed in nucleus. Uracil is in place of Thymine.
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| Messenger RNA | Process is referred to as transcription.
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| Ribosomal RNA | Structural component of ribosomes, the organelle where protein synthesis occurs.
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| Transfer RNA | Crrier of amino acids. Have a triplet code called anticodon.
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| Transcription | DNA information coded in mRNA
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| Initiation | RNA polymerase seperates DNA strands
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| Elongation | RNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to growing mRNA matching sequence of based on DNA template strand.
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| Termination | Transcription stops when RNA polymerase reaches special termination signal code.
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| Translation | Each 3 based sequence on DNA is represented by a complamentary 3 based sequence on mRNA called codon.
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| Processing of mRNA | Introns are removed by special proteins called spliceosomes, leaving only exon coding regions.
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| Role of tRNA | binds a specific amino acid at one end, once amino acid is located onto tRNA, Molecule is now called an aminoacyl tRNA.
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| Anticodon | at other end is triplet code that determines which amino acid will be bound at stem.
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| DNA to Proteins | Complementary base paring directs transfer of genetic information in DNA into amino acid sequence of protein.
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| Autophagy | (self eating) is the process of disposing of nonfunctional organelles.
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| Apoptosis | also known as programmed cell death causes certain cells. to neatly self destruct.
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| Hyperplasia | increases number of cell numbers
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| Atrophy | is decrease in size that results from loss of stimulation or use
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| Hypertrophy | is a increases in size.
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| Telomeres | Are strings of nucleotides that protect ends of chromosomes. Like caps on shoestrings.
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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