Respiratory System
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| carbon dioxide | Tasteless, colorless, odorless gas produced by body cells during metabolism
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| cartilage | Tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bone
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| cilia | Minute, hairlike structures that extend from the surface of a cell
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| diffuse | move or spread out at random
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| oxygen | tasteless, odorless gas essential for respiration
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| pH | degree of acidity or alkalinity
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| serous membrane | Thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist; also called serosa
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| nas/o, rhin/o | nose
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| sept/o | septum
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| sinus/o | sinus cavity
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| pharyng/o | pharynx
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| adenoid/o | adenoids
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| tonsill/o | tonsils
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| epiglott/o | epiglottis
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| laryng/o | larynx
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| trache/o | trachea
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| bronchi/o, bronch/o | bronchus
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| bronchiol/o | bronchiole
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| alveol/o | alveolus
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| pleur/o | pleura
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| pneum/o, pneumon/o | air, lung
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| pulmon/o | lung
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| anthrac/o | coal, coal dust
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| atel/o | incomplete, imperfect
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| coni/o | dust
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| cyan/o | blue
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| lob/o | lobe
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| orth/o | straight
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| ox/o | oxygen
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| pector/o, steth/o, thorac/o | chest
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| phren/o | diaphragm, mind
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| spir/o | breathe
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| -capnia | CO2
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| -osmia | smell
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| -phonia | voice
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| -pnea | breathing
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| -ptysis | spitting
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| -thorax | chest
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| abnormal breath sounds | Abnormal sounds or noises heard over the lungs and airways, commonly leading to a diagnosis of a respiratory or cardiac condition
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| crackle | Intermittent sounds caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli
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| rhoncus | snoring
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| stridor | high pitched sound caused by spasms of the larynx or an obstruction of the upper airway
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| wheeze | whistling or sighing that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory tract
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| acidosis | excessive acidity of body fluids
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| anosmia | lack of smell
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| apnea | breathing stops repeatedly during sleep
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| central sleep apnea | brain fails to stimulate breathing muscles
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| obstructive sleep apnea | SA caused by blockage in the upper airway
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| atelectasis | collapsed lung
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| coryza | acute inflammation of the nose
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| croup | Common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchial passages and sometimes involving the lungs
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| cystic fibrosis | Life-threatening genetic disease causing mucus to become unusually thick and sticky, plugging tubes and ducts, especially in the lungs and pancreas
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| deviated nasal septum | displacement of the cartilage dividing the nostrils
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| epiglottitis | infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures
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| epistaxis | nosebleed
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| hypoxemia | oxygen deficiency in the blood
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| hypoxia | oxygen deficiency in the body
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| influenza | Acute, contagious viral disorder of the respiratory tract, characterized by weakness, fever, chills, and muscle pain, especially in the back, arms, and legs
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| pertussis | whooping cough
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| pleural effusion | accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity
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| pneumothorax | air in the pleural cavity
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| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleural membrane
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| pulmonary edema | accumulation of extravascular fluid in the alveoli
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| pulmonary embolism | blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass that has traveled to the lungs from another part of the body, typically a clot
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| SIDS | Completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than age 12 months
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| TB | fatal contagious disease spread through respiratory droplets, affecting any organ of the body but primarily the lungs and causing chest pain, hemoptysis, weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats
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| Mantoux test | TB skin test
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| oximetry | pulse oximetry
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| polysomnography | sleep study
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| PFTs | series of tests that aid in diagnosis of lung diseases and evaluate effectiveness of treatments
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| arterial blood gas | measures oxygen and CO2 levels in arterial blood
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| sputum culture | identifies organisms in the lower respiratory tract
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| throat culture | identifies pathogens such as strep
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| pleurectomy | excision of part of the pleura
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| pneumonectomy | excision of a lung or portion of the lung
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| septoplasty | surgical repair of a deviated septum
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| thoracentesis | surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity
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| tracheostomy | opening made into the neck and trachea to insert a breathing tube
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| aerosol therapy | aerosol therapy
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| antral lavage | Washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed to respond to medical management
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| endotracheal intubation | Procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway
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| postural drainage | Method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs to make breathing easier
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| antibiotics | inhibit growth of bacteria
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| antihistamines | block histamines from binding with receptor sites in tissues
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| antitussives | blocks the cough reflex
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| bronchodilators | relax bronchial muscles to increase airflow
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| corticosteroids | block production of substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory response
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| decongestants | Constrict blood vessels of nasal passages and limit blood flow, which causes swollen tissues to shrink so that air can pass more freely through the passageways
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| expectorants | Liquefy respiratory secretions so that they are more easily dislodged during coughing episodes
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Created by:
aleelyse
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