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MedTerm 7
Respiratory System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| carbon dioxide | Tasteless, colorless, odorless gas produced by body cells during metabolism |
| cartilage | Tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bone |
| cilia | Minute, hairlike structures that extend from the surface of a cell |
| diffuse | move or spread out at random |
| oxygen | tasteless, odorless gas essential for respiration |
| pH | degree of acidity or alkalinity |
| serous membrane | Thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist; also called serosa |
| nas/o, rhin/o | nose |
| sept/o | septum |
| sinus/o | sinus cavity |
| pharyng/o | pharynx |
| adenoid/o | adenoids |
| tonsill/o | tonsils |
| epiglott/o | epiglottis |
| laryng/o | larynx |
| trache/o | trachea |
| bronchi/o, bronch/o | bronchus |
| bronchiol/o | bronchiole |
| alveol/o | alveolus |
| pleur/o | pleura |
| pneum/o, pneumon/o | air, lung |
| pulmon/o | lung |
| anthrac/o | coal, coal dust |
| atel/o | incomplete, imperfect |
| coni/o | dust |
| cyan/o | blue |
| lob/o | lobe |
| orth/o | straight |
| ox/o | oxygen |
| pector/o, steth/o, thorac/o | chest |
| phren/o | diaphragm, mind |
| spir/o | breathe |
| -capnia | CO2 |
| -osmia | smell |
| -phonia | voice |
| -pnea | breathing |
| -ptysis | spitting |
| -thorax | chest |
| abnormal breath sounds | Abnormal sounds or noises heard over the lungs and airways, commonly leading to a diagnosis of a respiratory or cardiac condition |
| crackle | Intermittent sounds caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli |
| rhoncus | snoring |
| stridor | high pitched sound caused by spasms of the larynx or an obstruction of the upper airway |
| wheeze | whistling or sighing that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory tract |
| acidosis | excessive acidity of body fluids |
| anosmia | lack of smell |
| apnea | breathing stops repeatedly during sleep |
| central sleep apnea | brain fails to stimulate breathing muscles |
| obstructive sleep apnea | SA caused by blockage in the upper airway |
| atelectasis | collapsed lung |
| coryza | acute inflammation of the nose |
| croup | Common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchial passages and sometimes involving the lungs |
| cystic fibrosis | Life-threatening genetic disease causing mucus to become unusually thick and sticky, plugging tubes and ducts, especially in the lungs and pancreas |
| deviated nasal septum | displacement of the cartilage dividing the nostrils |
| epiglottitis | infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures |
| epistaxis | nosebleed |
| hypoxemia | oxygen deficiency in the blood |
| hypoxia | oxygen deficiency in the body |
| influenza | Acute, contagious viral disorder of the respiratory tract, characterized by weakness, fever, chills, and muscle pain, especially in the back, arms, and legs |
| pertussis | whooping cough |
| pleural effusion | accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity |
| pneumothorax | air in the pleural cavity |
| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleural membrane |
| pulmonary edema | accumulation of extravascular fluid in the alveoli |
| pulmonary embolism | blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass that has traveled to the lungs from another part of the body, typically a clot |
| SIDS | Completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than age 12 months |
| TB | fatal contagious disease spread through respiratory droplets, affecting any organ of the body but primarily the lungs and causing chest pain, hemoptysis, weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats |
| Mantoux test | TB skin test |
| oximetry | pulse oximetry |
| polysomnography | sleep study |
| PFTs | series of tests that aid in diagnosis of lung diseases and evaluate effectiveness of treatments |
| arterial blood gas | measures oxygen and CO2 levels in arterial blood |
| sputum culture | identifies organisms in the lower respiratory tract |
| throat culture | identifies pathogens such as strep |
| pleurectomy | excision of part of the pleura |
| pneumonectomy | excision of a lung or portion of the lung |
| septoplasty | surgical repair of a deviated septum |
| thoracentesis | surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity |
| tracheostomy | opening made into the neck and trachea to insert a breathing tube |
| aerosol therapy | aerosol therapy |
| antral lavage | Washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed to respond to medical management |
| endotracheal intubation | Procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway |
| postural drainage | Method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs to make breathing easier |
| antibiotics | inhibit growth of bacteria |
| antihistamines | block histamines from binding with receptor sites in tissues |
| antitussives | blocks the cough reflex |
| bronchodilators | relax bronchial muscles to increase airflow |
| corticosteroids | block production of substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory response |
| decongestants | Constrict blood vessels of nasal passages and limit blood flow, which causes swollen tissues to shrink so that air can pass more freely through the passageways |
| expectorants | Liquefy respiratory secretions so that they are more easily dislodged during coughing episodes |
Created by:
aleelyse
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