Digestive System
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| bilirubin | orange-yellow pigment formed during destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up by liver cells and eventually excreted in the feces
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| bolus | mass of masticated food ready for swallowing
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| exocrine | gland that secretes products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ, tissue, or into a vessel
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| sphincter | circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body
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| triglycerides | organic compound that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids
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| or/o, stomat/o | mouth
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| gloss/o, lingu/o | tongue
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| bucc/o | cheek
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| cheil/o, labi/o | lip
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| dent/o, odont/o | teeth
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| gingiv/o | gums
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| sial/o | saliva, salivary gland
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| esophag/o | esophagus
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| pharyng/o | throat
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| gastr/o | stomach
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| pylor/o | pylorus
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| duoden/o | duodenum
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| enter/o | intestine
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| jejun/o | jejunum
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| ile/o | ileum
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| append/o, appendic/o | appendix
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| col/o, colon/o | colon
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| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon
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| rect/o | rectum
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| proct/o | anus, rectum
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| an/o | anus
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| hepat/o | liver
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| pancreat/o | pancreas
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| cholangi/o | bile vessel
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| chol/e | bile, gall
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| cholecyst/o | gallbladder
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| choledoch/o | bile duct
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| -emesis | vomit
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| -iasis | abnormal condition (produced by something specified)
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| -megaly | enlargement
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| -orexia | appetite
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| -pepsia | digestion
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| -phagia | swallowing, eating
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| -prandial | meal
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| -rrhea | discharge, flow
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| anorexia | lack or loss of appetite
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| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix
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| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
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| borborygmus | rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine
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| cachexia | physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass
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| cholelithiasis | gallstones
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| cirrhosis | scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease
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| crohn's disease | form of inflammatory bowel disease usually in the ileum
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| dysentery | inflammation of the intestine that is caused by ingesting contaminated food or water
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| flatus | gas in the GI tract
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| GERD | backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus
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| halitosis | foul smelling breath
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| hematemesis | vomiting blood
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| hemorrhoids | swollen varicose veins in the anorectal region
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| intestinal obstruction | blockage or the intestines that occurs when the contents of the intestine cannot move forward because of a blockage of the bowel
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| IBS | symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function for which no cause can be determined
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| malabsorption syndrome | impaired passage of nutrients through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph
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| melena | tarlike feces containing digested blood
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| obesity | 20% or more above ideal weight
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| morbid | BMI greater than 40, 100 lb over ideal weight
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| obstipation | severe constipation
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| oral leukoplakia | white spots on the tongue, lips, or cheek
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| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas
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| pyloric stenosis | narrowing of the pyloric sphincter causing a blockage between the stomach and small intestine
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| regurgitation | backward flow
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| ulcerative colitis | chronic inflammatory disease of the colon
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| gastrointestinal endoscopy | Visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using a flexible fiberoptic instrument with a magnifying lens and a light source (endoscope) to identify abnormalities, including bleeding, ulcerations, and tumors
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| hepatitis panel | Panel of blood tests that identifies the specific virus—hepatitis A hepatitis B, or hepatitis C that is causing hepatitis
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| liver function tests (LFTs) | blood tests that evaluate liver function
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| serum bilirubin | measures the amount of bilirubin in the blood
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| stool culture | identifies microorganisms or parasites present in feces
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| stool guaiac | detects occult blood in the feces
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| antacids | neutralize acidity
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| antidiarrheals | releive diarrhea
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| antiemetics | control nausea and vomiting
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| antispasmodics | decrease GI spasms
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| H2 Blockers | inhibit secretion of stomach acid
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| laxatives | treat constipation
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| proton pump inhibitors | suppress acid production
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Created by:
aleelyse
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