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MedTerm 6
Digestive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| bilirubin | orange-yellow pigment formed during destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up by liver cells and eventually excreted in the feces |
| bolus | mass of masticated food ready for swallowing |
| exocrine | gland that secretes products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ, tissue, or into a vessel |
| sphincter | circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body |
| triglycerides | organic compound that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids |
| or/o, stomat/o | mouth |
| gloss/o, lingu/o | tongue |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| cheil/o, labi/o | lip |
| dent/o, odont/o | teeth |
| gingiv/o | gums |
| sial/o | saliva, salivary gland |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| pharyng/o | throat |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| pylor/o | pylorus |
| duoden/o | duodenum |
| enter/o | intestine |
| jejun/o | jejunum |
| ile/o | ileum |
| append/o, appendic/o | appendix |
| col/o, colon/o | colon |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
| rect/o | rectum |
| proct/o | anus, rectum |
| an/o | anus |
| hepat/o | liver |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| cholangi/o | bile vessel |
| chol/e | bile, gall |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| choledoch/o | bile duct |
| -emesis | vomit |
| -iasis | abnormal condition (produced by something specified) |
| -megaly | enlargement |
| -orexia | appetite |
| -pepsia | digestion |
| -phagia | swallowing, eating |
| -prandial | meal |
| -rrhea | discharge, flow |
| anorexia | lack or loss of appetite |
| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix |
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity |
| borborygmus | rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine |
| cachexia | physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass |
| cholelithiasis | gallstones |
| cirrhosis | scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease |
| crohn's disease | form of inflammatory bowel disease usually in the ileum |
| dysentery | inflammation of the intestine that is caused by ingesting contaminated food or water |
| flatus | gas in the GI tract |
| GERD | backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus |
| halitosis | foul smelling breath |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| hemorrhoids | swollen varicose veins in the anorectal region |
| intestinal obstruction | blockage or the intestines that occurs when the contents of the intestine cannot move forward because of a blockage of the bowel |
| IBS | symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function for which no cause can be determined |
| malabsorption syndrome | impaired passage of nutrients through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph |
| melena | tarlike feces containing digested blood |
| obesity | 20% or more above ideal weight |
| morbid | BMI greater than 40, 100 lb over ideal weight |
| obstipation | severe constipation |
| oral leukoplakia | white spots on the tongue, lips, or cheek |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| pyloric stenosis | narrowing of the pyloric sphincter causing a blockage between the stomach and small intestine |
| regurgitation | backward flow |
| ulcerative colitis | chronic inflammatory disease of the colon |
| gastrointestinal endoscopy | Visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using a flexible fiberoptic instrument with a magnifying lens and a light source (endoscope) to identify abnormalities, including bleeding, ulcerations, and tumors |
| hepatitis panel | Panel of blood tests that identifies the specific virus—hepatitis A hepatitis B, or hepatitis C that is causing hepatitis |
| liver function tests (LFTs) | blood tests that evaluate liver function |
| serum bilirubin | measures the amount of bilirubin in the blood |
| stool culture | identifies microorganisms or parasites present in feces |
| stool guaiac | detects occult blood in the feces |
| antacids | neutralize acidity |
| antidiarrheals | releive diarrhea |
| antiemetics | control nausea and vomiting |
| antispasmodics | decrease GI spasms |
| H2 Blockers | inhibit secretion of stomach acid |
| laxatives | treat constipation |
| proton pump inhibitors | suppress acid production |
Created by:
aleelyse
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