Female Reproductive System
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| external genitalia | reproductive organs visible on the outside of the body
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| gestation | length of time from conception until birth
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| lactation | production and release of milk by mammary glands
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| orifice | entrance or outlet of any anatomical structure
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| amni/o | amnion, amniotic sac
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| cervic/o | cervix
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| colp/o, vagin/o | vagina
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| galact/o, lact/o | milk
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| gynec/o | woman, female
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| hyster/o, metri/o, uter/o | uterus
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| mamm/o, mast/o | breast
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| men/o | meses, menstruation
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| metr/o | uterus, measure
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| nat/o | birth
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| oophoor/o, ovari/o | ovary
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| perine/o | perineum
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| salping/o | tube
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| -arche | beginning
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| -cyesis | pregnancy
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| -gravida | pregnant woman
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| -para | to bear offspring
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| -salphinx | tube
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| -tocia | childbirth, labor
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| -version | turning
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| atresia | congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening, such as the vagina
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| choriocarcinoma | malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy
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| dyspareunia | occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse
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| endocervicitis | inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix
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| amenorrhea | absence of a menstrual period
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| dysmenorrhea | painful menstruation
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| menorrhagia | heavy, prolonged menstruation
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| metrorrhagia | irregular uterine bleeding between periods or after menopause
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| oligomenorrhea | abnormally light or infrequent periods
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| premenstrual syndrome | symptoms that occur between ovulation and menstruation
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| sterility | infertility
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| uterine fibroids | benign tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that develop in the uterus
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| abortion | termination of pregnancy before the fetus is capable of surviving on its own
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| abruptio placentae | premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall
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| breech presentation | fetal buttocks or feet present first, rather than the head
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| Down syndrome | extra copy of chromosome 21, altering physical and mental development of the child
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| eclampsia | most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy
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| ectopic pregnancy | fertilized ovum becomes implanted on any tissue other than the lining of the uterine cavity
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| placenta previa | obstetric complication in which the placenta is attached close to or covers the cervical canal and results in bleeding during labor when the cervix dilates
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| amniocentesis | transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac under US guidance
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| chorionic villus sampling | sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis or potential genetic defects
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| colpopscopy | visual examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument
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| cordocentesis | diagnostic prenatal test in which a sample of the baby's blood is removed from the umbilical cord for sampling
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| endometrial biopsy | removal of a sample of uterine endometrium for microscopic study
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| insufflation | delivery of pressurized air or gas into a cavity or organ to allow visual examination, remove an obstruction, or apply medication
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| Papancolaou test | exfoliative cytology test used to detect abnormal cells that are scraped from the cervix
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| pelvimetry | measurement of pelvic dimensions
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| hysterosalpingography | radiography and fluoroscopy of the uterus and uterine tubes
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| mammography | radiographic examination of the breast
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| transvaginal ultrasonography | US performed by inserting a probe into the vagina
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| cerclage | suturing of the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy
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| cesarean section | incision of the abdomen and uterus to remove a fetus
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| colpocleisis | surgical closure of the vaginal canal
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| conization | excision of a cone shaped piece of tissue for histological examination
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| cryosurgery | freezing tissue to destroy cells
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| dilation and curettage | widening of the cervical canal with a dilator and scraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette
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| hysterectomy | excision of the uterus
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| laparoscopy | visual examination of the abdominal cavity
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| lumpectomy | excision of a small breast tumor and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it
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| mammoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the breast
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| mastectomy | removal of the breast
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| reconstructive breast surgery | creation of a breast-shaped mound to replace a breast that has been removed as a result of cancer or other disease
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| tubal ligation | procedure that ties the Ffallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy
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| intrauterine device | small T-shaped device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy
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| antifungals | treat vaginal yeast infection
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| estrogens | treat symptoms of menopause
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| oral contraceptives | synthetic hormones which prevent pregnancy and treat menstrual disorders
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| oxytocics | induce labor
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| prostaglandins | terminate pregnancy
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| spermicides | chemically destroy sperm by creating an acidic environment in the uterus
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