Functions of Blood vessels
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| What results in the failure of vessels to transport blood? | Ischemia
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| Symptoms of blood vessel ischemia | Pain, pulselessness, pallor, parenthesia, paralysis, coolness
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| What do blood vessels regulate? | BP
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| What do blood vessels exchange? | Nutrients and waste
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| Blood vessels are involved with redistribution of: | Blood
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| What else do blood vessels regulate? | Temperature
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| BP def. | The force exerted against the walls of the (large) arteries due to the pumping of the heart
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| Types of blood pressure | Systolic, diastolic, pulse pressure
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| Systolic pressure def. | The pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction
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| Average Systolic Pressure | 120mmHg
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| Normal range of systolic pressure | 100-140mmHg
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| Diastolic pressure def. | The pressure in the arteries during ventricular relaxation
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| Pulse pressure def. | Systolic - diastolic = pulse pressure
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| Instruments used in measuring BP | sphygmomanometer and stethoscope
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| ________________ is compressed until blood flow is ___________. | Brachial artery; stopped
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| First sounds heard when listening for systolic pressure | Korotkoff sounds (first heard thru stethoscope)
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| What is recorded when Kortkoff sounds stop? | Diastolic pressure
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| Hypertension def. | Chronic elevation of BP
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| Due to low pressure in veins, blood relies on three other mechanisms to return blood back to the heart | Skeletal muscle pump, respiratory pump, venoconstriction
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| Contraction of the heart muscle forces blood out the: | Ventricles from an area of high pressure to low pressure (BP - result of myocardium and blood vessels)
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| Blood vessels have the ability to change _____. | Diameter
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| Vasodilation def. | Increase in vessel diameter causes a decrease in resistance and a decrease in BP
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| Vasoconstriction def. | Decrease in vessel diameter causes an increase resistance and an increase in BP
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| Blood pressure = | 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure
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| Cardiac output = | SV x HR
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| Increase in SV and/or HR can increase: | CO and therefore BP (and vice versa)
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| What do arterioles primarily determine? | Vascular resistance
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| What influences vascular resistance | Sympathetic NS, Hormones (epinephrine, angiotensin II), drugs
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| Where are baroreceptors located? | Aortic arch, carotid sinus
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| Sensory nerves involved in maintaining BP? | Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and vagus (CN X)
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| Function of medulla oblongata in maintaining BP? | Interprets info from sensory nerves
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| Motor nerces involved with maintaining BP | ANS to heart in vessels
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| Hormones involved in maintaining BP | Epinephrine and norepinephrine
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| Rapidly acting mechanisms involved in maintaining BP? | Baroreceptors, sensory nerves, medulla oblongata, motor nerves, nor/epinephrine
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| What are slow acting mechanisms? | Hormone regulated long-term maintenance
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| Where is atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) produced? | The heart (also lower BP)
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| At the level of the capillary, what moves out of the blood stram into the surrounding tissue space (interstinum) | Water, oxygen, electrolytes, glucose
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| At the level of the capillary, waste products move from where to where? | From the interstinum into the capillary
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| Characteristics of capillaries | Thin walled w/ pores, numerous, slow blood flow
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| What happens during diffusion? | O2 to cells, waste to vessels
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| What happens during filtration? | H2O, glucose, electrolytes from blood vessels to tissue
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| What happens to during osmosis? | H2O from tissue to blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
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| Edema def. | The accumulation of fluid in interstitial space
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| Mechanisms of edema formation | Heart failure, severe burn, kidney disease, blocked lymphatic drainage
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| Mech for edema formation: heart failure | Pulmonary edema, pedal edema
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| Edema formation: severe burn | Excessive fluid build up in interstitial space
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| Edema formation: kidney disease | Excess execretion of albumin in the urine (albuminuria) results in the build up of fluis in the tissue space
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| What causes vasodilation of vessels of skin? | Temperature elevation
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| When body temp. increases more blood flows to skin thereby releasing: | Heat and lowering body temp
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| What causes vasoconstriction of vessels of skin? | Temp. decrease
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| When body temp. decreases less blood flows to skin thereby: | Diverting warm blood to core of body
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| What happens as walls of arties thicken with age? | Decreased blood flow and increased blood pressure
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| With age, as valves become less effective they become susceptible to: | Varicosities
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| As you age, roughening of the endothelial lining of vessels: | Increased blood clot formation
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| With age baroreceptors become less effective. This can result in: | Dizziness and falls
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| With age, increased capillary membrane permeability, there's increased: | Edema formation
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Created by:
CBaney
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